The Onny Trail Fossil Hunting

1830s – The Caradoc succession and the Onny contact
The south Shropshire succession contributed to Murchison’s developing Caradoc classification. The Onny contact became important in the debate over how the older fossiliferous rocks related to the Silurian succession, a history distinct from the modern recognition of a substantial unconformity.

1871 – Christiania hollii described
Davidson described the brachiopod now discussed as Christiania hollii from material collected by Morris at the Onny cliff. The specimen history links a named fossil to this exact exposure rather than merely to the regional Caradoc rocks.

Late 19th–early 20th century – The contact examined in detail
Callaway and Cobbold investigated the Onny contact and its structural relationships. Cobbold’s descriptions of “dirt planes” became part of the later discussion of disturbance above the unconformity.

1925 – Basal Silurian conglomeratic limestone recorded
Whittard described a very thin limestone at the contact containing mud pellets, older rock pebbles, reworked Ordovician fossils and Pentamerus oblongus. Not every detail of this historical bed description was securely relocated by later workers.

1929 – Onnian trilobites differentiated
Bancroft established important trilobite names and refined the local Onnian succession. Specimens subsequently designated as the cobboldi and gracilis lectotypes preserve the link between those names and the river’s fossil horizons.

1954 – River section first notified for protection
The Onny River Section received its first SSSI notification. The protected river section is a defined geological site, rather than an automatic designation of every exposure along the broader walk.

1960 – Onny trilobite types reassessed
Dean’s first South Shropshire trilobite monograph selected BM In42072 as the cobboldi lectotype and BM In42074 as the Onnia gracilis lectotype. The original records also distinguish preserved shell, internal moulds, immature specimens and healed injuries.

1961 – Upper Actonian Chasmops documented
Dean described Chasmops salopiensis from the thin fossil-fragment band east of Batch Gutter, with holotype BM In50551. A tentatively associated pygidium was excluded from the type material because its identification was uncertain.

1963 – Further local trilobite types and preservation
Further monograph parts documented Remopleurides warburgae, R. latus onniensis and Tretaspis ceriodes favus from the uppermost Actonian fossil-fragment band. Gravicalymene inflata was based on a single incomplete cranidium from the Onnia gracilis locality. These records show why precise bed provenance and the distinction between complete animals and sorted fragments matter.

1963 – Protected-site notification revised
The notification of the Onny River Section SSSI was revised, forming part of its documented conservation history.

1967 – Chitinozoan samples and new species described
Jenkins documented microscopic fossils from the railway and river succession, including new species tied to precise sample labels. The Ancyrochitina alaticornis holotype came from railway sample C9; A. onniensis and other types came from the upper river section. Nearby Glenburrell cartway types remain separately located.

1968–1969 – Survey accounts describe the exposures
Geological Survey accounts set out the quarry grit–basement contact, limestone and clay horizons, railway sandstones, faults, river mudstones and Ordovician–Silurian contact. They preserve detailed observations of exposures whose visibility changes over time.

1974–1976 – Systematic faunal collections assembled
Hurst collected through the Upper Caradoc district to compare shell assemblages, facies and brachiopods. The Onny material became an important part of this larger project, but the district-wide collection totals must not be attributed solely to the trail.

1974–1983 – Twenty-three Onnia levels sampled
Owen and Ingham assembled samples from 23 levels during low-water visits. Their detailed location map was deposited in museums rather than published, helping protect the scientifically important exposures.

1979 – Brachiopods, members and assemblages revised
Hurst published detailed lithostratigraphy, a complete historical Onny abundance table and revisions based on local brachiopod material. The work distinguished member-scale facies, individual shell beds and assemblages altered by transport and bioturbation.

1985 – Prioniodus deani named from quarry material
Savage and Bassett named the conodont Prioniodus deani, with holotype NMW81.5G.2 from Onny quarry sample 26. Their exact sample records distinguish the quarry and railway fauna from the richer collections at separate road and regional sites.

1985 – SSSI renotified with a reduced boundary
The Onny River Section was renotified under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, with a boundary reduction. The official citation records a 3.16 ha site; protection does not itself establish a public right of entry or collecting permission.

1988 – Onnia succession and formation boundary revised
Owen and Ingham recognised Onnia superba creta, refined four successive local fossil subdivisions and incorporated lower Onnian beds into the Wistanstow Member. Their measurements and specimen records also revealed variation within the trilobite fringe, with more than one possible biological or environmental explanation. Their final note explicitly treats the 1983 abstract’s O. cobboldi creta as a nomen nudum; the formal establishment of O. superba creta dates to this 1988 paper.

2000 – The two geological interests synthesised
The Geological Conservation Review described the Onny River’s Ordovician type succession and, separately, the nearby Wistanstow Ordovician–Silurian unconformity. Their overlapping geography does not make their scientific scope identical.

2016 – Schizocrania hewardi identity questioned
Mergl and Nolčová challenged the brachiopod assignment of the tiny Onny shell named Schizocrania hewardi. They suggested an ostracod or primitive mollusc as possible alternatives; its identity remains unresolved.

2021 – Separate roadcut adds magnetic correlation evidence
Research based on 2014 sampling of the A489 Cheney Longville exposure combined magnetic, chitinozoan and carbon-isotope evidence. The approximately 20 m sampled roadcut is separate from the trail’s abandoned cliff and railway exposures.

Five areas, several scientific sections. The walk comprises the lower river, the boggy abandoned cliff and upper track, the railway cutting beside the footbridge, the high cutting at Glenburrell bridge, and the old quarry. The following succession brings together their separate exposures and the published river research section. It is not a single continuous cliff log. The parking reference SO430845 is not a fossil-bed coordinate, and the original author’s inconsistent “fourth location” beach description cannot be assigned securely to the bridge cutting.

Age and naming. Most fossiliferous bedrock belongs to the regional Caradoc succession of the Upper Ordovician, broadly correlated with Sandbian and lower Katian strata. Caradoc is a historical regional series, rather than a current international stage. Historical Woolstonian, Marshbrookian, Actonian and Onnian divisions remain useful when reading the original studies; later regional schemes treat the first pair within the Cheneyan and the latter pair within the Streffordian. A single numerical age cannot describe every stop.

The 1979–1988 crosswalk. Hurst divided the Cheney Longville Formation into Glynboro and Crosspipes members, and the Acton Scott Formation into Ragdon and Wistanstow members in the Onny valley. The Henley Member belongs to a different, more northerly Acton Scott facies and is not inserted into this river succession. Owen and Ingham subsequently moved the lower Onnian part of Hurst’s Onny Shale Formation into the Wistanstow Member, retaining the name Onny Formation for the upper mudstone interval. Occurrences in Hurst’s OSF columns therefore cannot all be reassigned to the restricted later Onny Formation.

Longmyndian basement at the quarry. Weathered purple Longmyndian grit is exposed at the basal contact in the old quarry. The main fossiliferous quarry succession is Ordovician grit and shale, rather than predominantly Precambrian rock. The contact records an older geological break than the Ordovician–Silurian unconformity downstream.

Hoar Edge Grit: historical quarry succession

Basal contact. At the western end, hard calcareous grit dipping about 70° east overlies approximately 1 ft 6 in of broken buff grit containing a 2 in pale-buff clay layer. Beneath lies an irregular surface of weathered purple Longmyndian grit. Whittard interpreted the broken rock as Longmyndian and the junction as faulted; Greig regarded it as basal Ordovician grit above an unconformity. The latter interpretation drew support from the lack of disturbance in the weathered basement and the mapped continuation across the river. The competing historical interpretations should not be conflated.

Western quarry beds. The described western exposure contains about 30 ft of brown calcareous grit. Rounded quartz pebbles occur near its base; massive lower beds reach 4 ft individually, whereas the upper 18 ft are more flaggy. Thin limestone beds and crystalline limestone lenses weather back between the more resistant grits. These are dimensions of the historical exposure, not a modern guaranteed accessible face.

Eastern quarry beds. The eastern exposure comprises approximately 57 ft of beds, with 53 ft of flaggy to massive Hoar Edge calcareous grit beneath 4 ft of Harnage shale. Shell-rich beds, pebbly horizons and thin limestone intercalations occur within the grit. The two quarry faces appear to follow one another stratigraphically, but their dimensions are retained as separately described sections rather than an invented bed-by-bed combined log.

Two clay horizons near the grit top. Two fine clay layers occur approximately 2 ft and 2 ft 6 in below the top of the grit in the eastern section. One is pale grey and the other brownish grey. They are identifiable historical horizons; their thicknesses and volcanic origin were not established in this description.

Quarry names and coordinates. The Survey quarry is recorded at SO41188614. Savage and Bassett’s Coston Formation samples 26 and 27 use SO41188624, 100 m farther north as printed. The different unit schemes and coordinates are retained when discussing those microfossils, rather than pretending that an individual sample bed has been relocated. The nearby A489 quarry samples 28 and 29 are separately labelled.

Harnage Shales: historical formation name

Shale above the grit. At the eastern end of the old quarry, the basal 4 ft of the Harnage Shales consists of yellowish-buff micaceous shale, dipping about 65° east. The wider Onny valley includes additional Harnage exposures around Glenburrell, but the several-hundred-foot regional thickness must not be shown as exposed within this quarry. Jenkins’s Glenburrell cartway sample C11 is also a separate exposure.

Horderley Sandstone Formation: Chatwall terminology in older accounts

Glenburrell bridge cutting. The older Survey account describes Chatwall Sandstone in the high railway cutting south of Glenburrell. Dark green and purple sandstone is locally steeply dipping or overturned: recorded attitudes change from about 80–90°, partly towards the west-north-west, to about 28° east-south-east at fault F3. The quoted 350 ft of intermittently exposed beds and further 90 ft describe the succession along the cutting, not the height of its faces. Cross-bedding and shell-bearing limestone intercalations help distinguish individual beds.

Limestone and shell-rich levels. A thin limestone is recorded near the base of the steep cutting sequence and a shelly limestone about 3 in thick near its top. In the more gently dipping railway exposures to the east, shell beds occur low in the sandstone, and limestone interbeds become particularly numerous within the upper 20 ft of the described 90 ft succession. These observations refer to the mapped railway exposures; the separate 50 ft roadside quarry and the quarry beside New House are not silently added to the visitor stop. Tufa beneath the bridge is a much younger carbonate deposit associated with water and mortar, rather than an Ordovician fossil horizon.

Alternata Limestone Formation

Horderley–Alternata contact. Near the footbridge, approximately 10 m west of it at SO418856, the transition includes a basal shell-rich layer about 50 cm thick with Heterorthis alternata, Trematis punctata and phosphatic material. Hurst’s collections H1, H2 and H3 record the fauna immediately below the boundary, at the base of the limestone, and in a bed 5 cm higher. Trematis is a brachiopod; this occurrence is not Tretaspis.

Alternating siliciclastic and shell-rich beds. The Onny valley estimate is approximately 20–25 m for the Alternata succession. Silty shale and sandy silt alternate with graded sandstone beds commonly 10–50 cm thick and shelly limestone beds reaching about 50 cm. The 2 m value at Soudley and the approximately 30 m at Woolston are different sections. In the railway corridor, adjacent SGS records distinguish the Alternata exposure from uppermost Chatwall/Horderley beds; the original stop cannot be treated as one uniform bed.

Localities and preservation. Hurst’s locality 2 lies on both river banks west of the footbridge, locality 3 on the north bank east of it, and locality 4 in the former railway. Shells occur as surviving calcified material, internal or external moulds and casts, sometimes crowded into concentrations. The Survey records green flags and bedded grey limestone over an intermittent railway exposure of about 70 yd. That length is not the formation thickness.

Unexposed upper boundary. An interval estimated at 5–10 m separates the highest certain Alternata exposure from the lowest certain Cheney Longville beds in the Onny section. The formal lithological boundary was defined at Soudley, at the top of the last thick coquina with abundant Heterorthis alternata. It cannot be presented as a continuously visible contact here.

Cheney Longville Formation

Glynboro Member

The boggy abandoned cliff and upper track. The second original area is strongly matched to Hurst’s locality 12, SO42078546, and SGS0713: an old river cliff standing away from the present river, with wet ground below and a farm-track exposure above. Hurst’s Fig. 5B depicts the relevant alternating sandstone, siltstone, laminated, bioturbated and shell-rich beds. Its printed coordinate SO422890 conflicts with the locality appendix and the matching site description; it is not used as a navigation point. No formal bed numbers are invented from the drawing.

Beds, shell concentrations and burrows. The Survey describes about 55 ft of beds at the old cliff and adjacent track, dipping approximately 20° east-south-east. Green flags alternate with more massive sandstone, with beds up to 1 ft thick in the upper half and thin shelly crystalline limestones. The fauna includes Kjaerina typa, other brachiopods and Tentaculites. Shell concentrations vary markedly through the section; their presence does not establish a continuous “best bed”. Tentaculites represents a shelly organism, not a worm burrow. True bioturbation is a separate feature.

Member-scale facies. Hurst’s broader Glynboro Member estimate is approximately 120 m, not the height of the old cliff. He describes graded sandstone beds 10–50 cm thick, erosive bases, occasional basal coquinas and parallel to low-angle lamination, alternating with bioturbated sandy silt. In his member-scale description the proportion of bioturbated beds increases upwards; both transport and later burrowing have modified the shell assemblages. The formal basal section at Soudley remains geographically separate.

Crosspipes Member

Fine sandstone and bioturbated silt. The broader Crosspipes Member reaches about 60 m. Hurst describes fine laminated and graded sandstone beds around 10–15 cm thick, separated by bioturbated sandy and silty shale beds up to 50 cm. Tube burrows enter the sandstone tops. Shell lags may form lenses up to 15 cm thick, while the upper 10–15 m becomes more strongly bioturbated with thinner sandstone and shell concentrations up to about 5 cm. These are member-scale facies observations, not a complete measured log of the old cliff.

Separate roadside boundary section. The Glynboro–Crosspipes boundary is defined in the Cheney Longville roadside section SO418851–SO419849, by increased bioturbated-bed thickness and generally finer sediment through a gradational transition. Hurst’s C1 is his highest Woolstonian collection, C2 lies within the following 110 cm, and C3 is 30 cm above C2 in diagnostic lower Marshbrookian beds. These samples do not come from the boggy cliff. Their fauna is retained below as a labelled comparison.

Acton Scott Formation

Ragdon Member

Lower Acton Scott siltstones. Ragdon belongs to the Acton Scott Formation in Hurst’s hierarchy. Its approximate 30 m member thickness comprises green- to buff-weathering, intensely bioturbated siltstone. Primary lamination survives only locally; thin shell planes and convex-up shells are widely spaced, and some rare laminated beds carry basal shell debris. A poor low-level river exposure occurs around SO423854; SO424855 roadside and Dandy Hollow SO425858 are separate middle-member records. The basal Actonian stratotype at Marsh Wood is outside the trail.

Wistanstow Member

Calcareous mudstones and changing definition. In the river, the Wistanstow facies is finer than at Acton Scott: calcareous silty mudstones contain scattered nodules rather than the persistent thick limestone bands of the northerly sections. Hurst estimated approximately 40 m under his definition; the later inclusion of lower Onnian beds expands the member to about 70 m. The local beds dip about 22–25° south-east. Neither estimate is a river-bank height.

Jack Slither ash-bearing exposure. A roughly 2.5 m exposure about 50 m west of Batch Gutter includes two orange-weathering bentonites, altered volcanic ash layers. The lower layer is approximately 5 cm thick; 12 cm of siltstone separates it from the upper, approximately 8 cm layer. The individual horizons are retained separately because they provide local markers.

Historical radiometric results. Published fission-track estimates of 468 ± 12 Ma and 464 ± 21 Ma, historically combined as 466 ± 15 Ma, belong to an older analytical calibration. They should not be used as modern numerical dates for the Katian or as precise ages for every fossil bed along the trail.

Topmost Actonian shell-fragment band. On the north bank about 87 ft, or approximately 30 yd, east of Batch Gutter, a fossil-fragment layer roughly 3 in thick lies within grey mudstone. It yielded type material of Chasmops salopiensis, Remopleurides warburgae, R. latus onniensis and Tretaspis ceriodes favus, with other trilobites and brachiopods including Onniella. Sorted and disarticulated remains are conspicuous: the studied Remopleurides material included free cheeks and thoracic pieces but no pygidia. Fragmentary Tretaspis in overlying cobboldi mudstones might be reworked and does not prove an upward range extension. The systematic account gives 87 ft east of Batch Gutter for the uppermost Actonian Remopleurides type bed, whereas plate 46 says 30 yd. These historical distance expressions remain separate; 87 ft is 29 yd, not a new surveyed coordinate. The Illaenus cf. fallax text and figured caption likewise retain their 63 yd versus approximately 70 yd distinction.

The historical A1–A2 comparison. Hurst compared his highest Actonian and lowest Onnian collections across a reported 2–3 m gap. Later work recognised approximately 10 m of lowest Onnian strata that his section had missed. The A1 and A2 percentages therefore remain useful historical assemblage evidence, but their sampling boundary is not the subsequently defined exact base of the Onnian.

Basal Onnian and the cobboldi interval. The first Onnia superba cobboldi was placed approximately 30 m east of Batch Gutter and about 6 m below Bancroft’s Px, equivalent to level B. Owen and Ingham’s levels A–F sample the cobboldi local-range zone. The term “local-range” describes this section; it is not a claim about the full geographical or temporal range of the subspecies.

Creta interval. Four successive levels, G–J, represent the approximately 5 m Onnia superba creta local-range interval. The holotype, HM A15087, is a testate cephalon from level H, explicitly measured at 14.8 m above the Onnian base. The other plotted sample levels are not assigned invented decimal heights.

Gracilis acme interval. Levels K–M cover a 4.2 m interval characterised by abundant disarticulated Onnia gracilis remains and rare complete specimens. An acme zone marks an abundance peak, rather than the whole species range. Some gracilis sclerites persist into level N, where O. superba superba also occurs; Bancroft’s Pc collection spans this transition.

Superba interval and the formation boundary. The Onnia superba superba local-range interval occupies the upper approximately 24 m of the type Onnian. Earlier populations occur at N–S and later populations at T–V. Its base lies within the redefined Wistanstow Member, about 9 m below the later Wistanstow–Onny formation boundary. Its fossil zone therefore crosses that lithological boundary.

Phosphatic sample O. A phosphatic bed about 5 cm thick, approximately 7 m below the Wistanstow Member top, is level O. Finely comminuted shell debris accompanies particularly well-preserved material and occasional complete trilobites. The preservation records concentration and burial processes within a specific thin bed, rather than an undisturbed whole-valley community.

Lower Onnian Wistanstow succession. Approximately 31 m of lower Onnian strata remain within the revised Wistanstow Member and crop out over about 70 m downstream. Stratigraphical thickness and distance along the river are different quantities. Under Hurst’s older Onny Shale scheme, the lower facies included bioturbated blue-black mudstone with lithified burrows, small pyritic nodules and abundant but commonly distorted fossils; these observations must be read within the revised formation crosswalk.

Onny Shales Formation: restricted Onny Formation in the 1988 revision

Basal laminated mudstone. The restricted formation begins with approximately 5 m of blue-grey laminated mudstone. Millimetre-scale alternations in mud, silt and clay are prominent in Hurst’s account of this facies. Bioturbation is absent or limited to individual burrows, benthic shells are scarce and graptolites occur. This interval is not the entire 45 m Onny Shale succession of the earlier definition.

Upper blocky mudstone and cliff. Around 10 m of more blocky blue-grey mudstone follows, weathering orange or yellow; approximately the uppermost 3 m is described in the famous cliff. Different historical surveys report different exposed intervals. The BGS Lexicon retains “Onny Shales Formation”, code OSH, as a Pending Upgrade entry with incomplete boundaries; this does not supersede the more detailed 1988 division of the section.

Thin Ordovician limestone below the contact. The Survey records a grey crystalline limestone approximately 1 in thick within a few inches below the unconformity. This is within its historical Onny Shales cliff description. It is distinct from the basal Silurian shelly limestone above the break and should not be combined with that younger bed.

Near-top Onnian shell lens. GCR describes a thin shelly lens near the top of the Onny section rich in Heterorthis alternata, reported by Harper (1978) and interpreted by Hurst (1979) as a distal storm deposit carrying shallow-water species into a deeper setting. This is a specific transported shell concentration, not necessarily an undisturbed living community. Its occurrence also shows why H. alternata cannot be used as an exclusive Woolstonian index, despite its abundance in some older Alternata Limestone coquinas.

The Ordovician–Silurian unconformity. At the north-bank cliff around SO425854, Ordovician beds dip about 22° south-east and the overlying Silurian about 18° south-east. Their small angular difference conceals a major missing interval: an unknown uppermost Onnian portion, the Ashgill and much of the Llandovery are absent. This is not a continuous exposure of the international Ordovician–Silurian boundary. The original first-area cliff probably refers to this feature, but no newly precise photograph-to-bed navigation point is inferred.

Purple Shales Formation: Hughley Shales in older literature

Historical basal conglomeratic limestone. Whittard described a basal limestone about 2.5 cm thick containing mud pellets, Longmyndian pebbles, broken reworked Ordovician fossils and Pentamerus oblongus. Later workers did not securely relocate every reported detail. The Survey separately described a persistent basal shelly limestone about half an inch thick. These source-specific measurements and descriptions remain separate rather than being averaged into a supposedly fixed bed.

Silurian mudstone, sandstone and limestone. About 10 m of Telychian green and purple mudstone is described above the unconformity, with thin micaceous fine sandstone beds up to around 20 cm and discontinuous limestone. The current Lexicon uses Purple Shales Formation and lists Hughley Shales as an obsolete name. The substantially thicker Eaton Farm borehole sequence is a different record and cannot be represented as the visible cliff.

Hains’s historical locality-by-locality fauna. The following records use the numbered Onny River Section localities in Hains (1969), not the five modern visitor areas, Hurst’s sampling numbers or the separate Greig appendix numbers. Historical formation names and identifications are preserved; they are not silently reassigned to later member boundaries. Roadside and private quarry comparisons remain separately located.

Hains locality 2: Ordovician beds beneath the unconformity. At the north-bank cliff, the Onny Shales yield Onniella broeggeri, historical Strophomena “holli”, Onnia superba, Onnicalymene onniensis, Remopleurella burmeisteri, Triarthrus cf. linnarssoni, Primitia sp. and Climacograptus sp. These belong below the Silurian contact, separate from the overlying Hughley fauna.

Hains locality 3: Lower Onny beds. A calcareous mudstone ledge across the river a few yards upstream contains Onniella broeggeri, Illaenus cf. fallax, Onnia gracilis and Onnicalymene onniensis.

Hains locality 4: Basal historical Onny Shales. Rubbly mudstone on the south bank about 45 yd east of Batch Gutter contains Onniella cf. broeggeri and abundant historical Onnia cobboldi. This lower record is not the higher cliff assemblage.

Hains locality 5: Acton Scott south-bank section. About 70 yd west of Batch Gutter, blocky grey mudstone with two thin clay beds yields Hedstroemina cf. robusta, Onniella sp., Sericoidea sp., Sinuites bilobatus, Sinuites pseudocompressus and Tropidodiscus acutus.

Hains locality 6: A few yards farther upstream. Brown-weathering grey shaly Acton Scott mudstone includes Onniella cf. aspasia, Archacinella cf. oblongata, Sinuites bilobatus, Tropidodiscus acutus, Ampyxella edgelli and the source’s “Loncltodomas pennatus” (an apparent archival spelling artefact, not a proposed taxonomic name).

Hains locality 7: Separate roadside comparator. The roadside west of Batch Gutter exposes about 5 ft of olive-brown blocky Acton Scott mudstone. Its list includes Nicolella actoniae, Onniella sp., Sowerbyella sp., Tropidodiscus acutus and Primitia sp. This roadside record is not pooled with the river-bank samples.

Hains locality 8: Upper Cheney Longville river beds. Green flags and decalcified yellow flaggy sandstone on the south bank contain Kjerulfina polycyma, Onniella sp., Strophomena grandis, Reuschella sp., Tentaculites sp., Broeggerolithus sp. and Brongniartella bisulcata. Hains regards the fauna as upper Cheney Longville Flags, historically Marshbrookian; similar beds occur upstream at locality 9.

Hains locality 10: Old river cliff and farm track. The historical Lower Cheney Longville Flags section includes Bancroftina sp., Dalmanella sp., Dolerorthis cf. duftonensis, Kjaerina typa and Tentaculites sp. This is the approximately 55 ft section with an east-southeast dip of 20°, containing flags, upper sandstone beds up to 1 ft thick and thin shelly crystalline limestone. The archival HTML drops the leading digit in this locality label.

Hains locality 13: North-bank Alternata Limestone record. In addition to Heterorthis alternata, this river exposure yields Bancroftina robusta, Dalmanella sp., Kjaerina bipartita, Strophomena grandis, Brongniartella bisulcata and Kloucekia apiculata. It lies 35 yd east of the south-bank exposure described as locality 14; neither is the entire approximately 70 yd railway section at locality 12.

Hains locality 15: Separate New House quarry. At the quarry immediately west of New House, historical Chatwall Sandstone includes a rotted sandstone bed rich in Sowerbyella soudleyensis near the top. Other records are Bancroftina typa, Dalmanella cf. lepta and Brongniartella sp. This private quarry is a separate comparator, not a general trail collecting stop.

Hains locality 17: Separate roadside quarry southeast of Glenburrell. The historical Chatwall Sandstone quarry about 300 yd southeast of Glenburrell yields Dalmanella horderleyensis, Howellites antiquior, Sowerbyella soudleyensis, Flexicalymene cf. planimarginata and Kloucekia apiculata. Its approximately 50 ft section and gentle southeast dip belong to this quarry, separate from the steep railway cutting.

Hains locality 19: Chatwall Flags in the river south of Glenburrell. Brown flaggy sandstone contains Macrocoelia expansa, Reuschella horderleyensis, Sowerbyella soudleyensis, Broeggerolithus cf. broeggeri, Brongniartella minor subcarinata, Proetidella sp. and Tallinnella scripta. These historical Chatwall Flags are not automatically equivalent to every bed later called Horderley Sandstone.

Hains’s separate Hughley Shales fauna at SO 4262 8528. The main-outcrop account describes 35 ft of green and purple shale with hard calcareous flags on the north bank, above the unconformity. Its list includes Aegiria [Chonetoidea] grayi, Atrypa cf. reticularis, Clorinda globosa, Eopholidostrophia salopiensis, Eoplectodonta millinensis, Glassia compressa and Encrinurus onniensis. The bracketed generic usage and tentative identification retain the historical source meaning; they do not replace Whittard’s earlier list without a taxonomic revision.

Quarry measurements and structure in Greig and colleagues (1968). The broken basal grit is described as up to 1 ft 4 in thick, whereas Hains (1969) gives approximately 1 ft 6 in. These are source variants, not two beds to add. Greig also records a basal western limestone band 1 ft 6 in thick, minor southeast overthrusting at the unconformity, near-vertical north-northeast-striking basement and Ordovician grit dipping about 70°. Small local disturbance therefore needs to be distinguished from the larger historical dispute about whether the entire contact is a fault.

Greig locality 37: railway-side limestone cap. The section has a 2 ft 6 in limestone cap with shells dominated by Sowerbyella, other brachiopods and trinucleid trilobites; its dip is approximately 8° east. This exact outcrop record is separate from the steep or overturned beds farther along the railway.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 4. Horderley, old quarry [SO 4118 8614] 180 yd W. 22° S. of Glenburrell; DEW 1312–1324. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 24. Horderley, R. Onny [SO 4132 8610] 2130 yd W. 14° N. of Wistanstow church; FGD 1132–1152. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 37. Cheney Longville, outcrop [SO 4155 8578] 540 yd S. 33° E. of Glenburrell ; CG 239. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 39. Cheney Longville, quarry [SO 4154 8593] 400 yd S. 42° E. of Glenburrell; DEW 1579–1597, JD 333–340. Separately located nearby quarry or roadside comparator. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 41. Cheney Longville, quarry [SO 4173 8584] 600 yd E. 37° S. of Glenburrell; DEW 1563–1578. Separately located nearby quarry or roadside comparator. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 50. Cheney Longville, roadside [SO 4158 8524] 1810 yd W. 13° S. of Wistanstow church; DEW 1459–1487. Separately located nearby quarry or roadside comparator. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 51. Cheney Longville, quarry [SO 4207 8546] 1240 yd W. 7° S. of Wistanstow church; DEW 1415–1430. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 52. Cheney Longville, R. Onny [SO 4182 8570] 1510 yd W. 4° N. of Wistanstow church, 91 ft downstream from footbridge; FGD 1062–1072. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 53. Cheney Longville, R. Onny [SO 4182 8570] 1510 yd W. 4° N. of Wistanstow church 235 ft downstream from footbridge; FGD 1033–1061. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 80. Cheney Longville, R. Onny [SO 4224 8542] 1060 yd W. 11° S. of Wistanstow church; FGD 929–955. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 106. Cheney Longville, reef on south side of R. Onny [SO 4238 8538] 940 yd W. 16° S. of Wistanstow church; FGD 749–767. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 107. Cheney Longville, reef on south side of R. Onny [SO 4238 8538] 940 yd W. 16° S. of Wistanstow church; from river cliff above reef; FGD 768–783. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 108. Cheney Longville, reef on south side of R. Onny [SO 4238 8538] 940 yd W. 16° S. of Wistanstow church; 25 ft upstream; FGD 784–806. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 109. Cheney Longville, reef on south side of R. Onny [SO 4238 8538] 940 yd W. 16° S. of Wistanstow church; 50 ft upstream; FGD 807–840, JD 137–175. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 110. Cheney Longville, reef on south side of R. Onny [SO 4238 8538] 940 yd W. 16° S. of Wistanstow church; 300 ft upstream; FGD 841–872. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 128. Cheney Longville, river cliff on north bank of R. Onny [SO 4258 8536] 720 yd W. 22° S. of Wistanstow church, 5–10 ft below unconformity; CG 243, JD 273–306, FGD 435–466. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 129. Cheney Longville, river cliff on north bank of R. Onny [SO 4258 8536] 720 yd W. 22° S. of Wistanstow church. 15 ft upstream; FGD 467–505. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 130. Cheney Longville, river cliff on north bank of R. Onny [SO 4258 8536] 720 yd W. 22° S. of Wistanstow church but 125 ft upstream; calcareous mudstone ledge across river; FGD 555–603. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, appendix locality 131. Cheney Longville, river cliff on north bank of R. Onny [SO 4258 8536] 720 yd W. 22° S. of Wistanstow church 335 ft upstream and on south bank; FGD 667–707. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Geological Survey collection suite, Silurian appendix locality 4. Wistanstow, R. Onny [SO 4257 8534] 720 yd W. 22° S. of Wistanstow church; CG 238. Exact source-locality suite. These are registered collection ranges, not a one-to-one allocation of each listed fossil to an individual accession, nor evidence of present collecting permission.

Historical Survey photograph A9553. Colour banding and current bedding in Horderley Sandstone, Glenburrell, Horderley. The catalogue marks colour as also available. This is a photograph catalogue reference, not a fossil specimen accession. No photograph date or inspection of the actual image is claimed, and the historical locality is not automatically identified with one modern visitor face.

Historical Survey photograph A9554. Colour banding and current bedding in Horderley Sandstone, Glenburrell, Horderley. The catalogue marks colour as also available. This is a photograph catalogue reference, not a fossil specimen accession. No photograph date or inspection of the actual image is claimed, and the historical locality is not automatically identified with one modern visitor face.

Historical Survey photograph A9555. Basal beds of Hoar Edge Grit, south side of River Onny, Glenburrell, Horderley. The catalogue marks colour as also available. This is a photograph catalogue reference, not a fossil specimen accession. No photograph date or inspection of the actual image is claimed, and the historical locality is not automatically identified with one modern visitor face.

Historical Survey photograph A9556. Calcareous Hoar Edge Grit, south side of River Onny, Glenburrell, Horderley. This is a photograph catalogue reference, not a fossil specimen accession. No photograph date or inspection of the actual image is claimed, and the historical locality is not automatically identified with one modern visitor face.

Silurian age and benthic interpretation. GCR reports poorly preserved conodont elements including Pterospathodus celloni and Astropentagnathus irregularis, attributed to Aldridge and Smith (1985), indicating a horizon low in the P. celloni Biozone. It separately attributes to Ziegler and colleagues (1968) a turriculatus graptolite-biozone interpretation and assignment of the brachiopods to the Clorinda benthic community. These are source-attributed age and ecological interpretations for the Silurian locality, not a continuous Ordovician–Silurian boundary sequence.

Whittard’s historical Silurian list also includes trilobite genera Acidaspis, Illaenus, Encrinurus, Cheirurus, Calymene, Phacopidella and Dalmanites, together with graptolites, beyrichiacean ostracods and the cephalopod Dawsonoceras annulatum. These retain their source-era identifications and locality scope. No new exact species-level determination of the retained guide photographs is implied.

Historical Silurian cliff fauna: brachiopods. The GCR Wistanstow account reproduces Whittard’s 1928 list from the Hughley Shales above the unconformity: Lingula symondsi, Dicoelosia biloba, Atrypa reticularis, Schuchertella applanata, Dalmanella elegantula, Leptaena rhomboidalis, Brachyprion fletcheri, Skenidioides lewisii, Barrandella aff. undata, Cyrtia exporrecta, Streptis grayi, Eospirifer radiatus, and species of Plectambonites and Meristella. GCR explicitly warns that these identifications need revision. They are historical records from the Silurian cliff, not modern confirmations or fauna from the underlying Ordovician beds.

Disturbed interval and “dirt planes”. A disturbed interval about 1 m thick lies roughly 2 m above the base, between Cobbold’s two “dirt planes”. These are historically described structural features, with interpretative uncertainty, rather than two newly identified fossil beds or proof that the entire system boundary is faulted.

Modern river material. River pebbles and loose blocks are transported material. The original guide records rocks brought from the Stiperstones and Long Mynd and acknowledges uncertainty about their source formations. Colour, angularity or the presence of a trilobite alone cannot establish a Silurian age, exact bed or in-situ origin. Loose material is kept separate from all measured sample records below.

Reading the historical fauna record. Hurst’s 1979 table contains 145 taxon or form rows across ten assemblage columns. ALF means Alternata Limestone; GM1–2, Glynboro; CM1–3, Crosspipes; RM, Ragdon; WM, Wistanstow; and OSF1–2, Onny Shale under the 1979 definition. R denotes 0–5%, P 5–20%, C 20–50%, and VC over 50% of the benthic fauna. These are relative abundance categories, not specimen totals. Only recorded cells are written below; every unlisted column for that row is the source’s dash, meaning unrecorded in this table rather than demonstrated absence.

Historical names and a locality conflict. The historical table retains qualified identifications, forms, subspecies and some higher-group placements that are no longer safe modern classifications. Its 145 rows are not 145 independently verified species at the five visitor stops. In particular, Dalmanella wattsi appears in the Onny table although Hurst’s systematic account associates it with Marshbrook localities 27 and 31. That inconsistency remains unresolved. The disputed Schizocrania hewardi entry is retained as a historical record only.

Historical abundance record, rows 1–5. Onnioides laevis (M' Coy, 1851): RM R, WM R, OSF1 R. scolecodonts: WM R, OSF1 R. Tentaculites anglicus Salter, 1859: ALF R, GM1 P, GM2 P, CM1 C, CM2 VC, CM3 R. Bancroftina typa (Whittington, 1938): ALF P, GM1 C. Bancroftina hewitti sp. nov.: CM1 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 6–10. Bicuspina sp.: RM R, WM R. Chonetoidea radiatula (Barrande, 1879): CM2 R, CM3 R, RM P, WM P. Christiania hollii (Davidson, 1871): OSF1 R, OSF2 R. Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft, 1928): RM R, WM R. Dalmanella multiplicata prima subsp. nov.: ALF R, GM1 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 11–15. Dalmanella multiplicata multiplicata (Bancroft, 1928): GM2 C, CM1 C. Dalmanella unguis unguis (J. de C. Sowerby, 1839): CM2 C. Dalmanella unguis ultima subsp. nov.: CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R. Dalmanella wattsi (Bancroft, 1928): CM1 C. Destombesium sp.: CM3 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 16–20. Dinorthis sp.: GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R. Dolerorthis virgata (J. de C. Sowerby, 1839): ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, WM R. Drabovia sp.: RM R. Elliptoglossa sp.: RM R. Eoplectodonta cf. rhombica (M' Coy, 1852): WM P, OSF1 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 21–25. Hedstroemina fragilis Bancroft, 1929: CM2 R, CM3 P, RM P. Heterorthina praeculta Bancroft, 1928: GM2 R. Heterorthis alternata (J. de C. Sowerby, 1839): ALF VC, GM1 R, CM3 R, RM R. Horderleyella cf. plicata Bancroft, 1928: CM3 R. Kjaerina bipartita (Salter, 1854): ALF P, GM1 C.

Historical abundance record, rows 26–30. Kjaerina typa Bancroft, 1929: GM2 C. Kjerulfina polycyma Bancroft, 1929: CM3 R. Kjerulfina trigonalis Bancroft, 1929: CM1 R, CM2 R. Leptaena salopiensis Williams, 1963: RM R, WM R. Lingulella sp.: OSF1 R, OSF2 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 31–35. Lingulops sp.: CM2 R. Marionites typus (Bancroft, 1928): ALF R. Nicolella actoniae (J. de C. Sowerby, 1839): RM R, WM R. Obolus salopiensis sp. nov.: RM R, WM R, OSF1 R. Onniella broeggeri Bancroft, 1928: OSF1 C, OSF2 P.

Historical abundance record, rows 36–40. Onniella depressa Bancroft, 1945: WM C. Onniella reuschi Bancroft, 1928: CM3 VC, RM C. Orbiculoidea ovata sp. nov.: RM R. Orbiculoidea sp.: WM R. Palaeoglossa lockleyi sp. nov.: CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R.

Historical abundance record, rows 41–45. Paracraniops doyleae sp. nov.: ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R. Paterula cf. subcircularis Cooper, 1956: OSF1 R. Paterula sp.: RM R. Platystrophia sp. 1: CM2 R. Platystrophia sp. 2: RM R.

Historical abundance record, rows 46–50. Plectorthid gen. et sp. indet.: RM R. Pseudolingula sp.: CM3 R, RM R. Reuschella bilobata (J. de C. Sowerby, 1839): ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R, WM R. Rhactorthis cf. crassa Williams, 1963: RM R. Rhactorthis grandis sp. nov.: CM3 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 51–55. Schizocrania hewardi sp. nov.: OSF2 C. Schizocrania salopiensis Williams, 1974: CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R. Schizotreta sp. 1: OSF2 R. Schizotreta sp. 2: RM R. Sericoidea homolensis Havlicek, 1967: OSF1 C, OSF2 C.

Historical abundance record, rows 56–60. Skenidioides cf. costatus Cooper, 1956: RM R. Sowerbyella sericea (J. de C. Sowerby, 1839): ALF VC, GM1 P, GM2 R, CM1 C, CM2 R, CM3 C, RM R. Strophomena grandis (J. de C. Sowerby, 1839): CM1 R, CM2 R. Trematis punctata (J. de C. Sowerby, 1839): ALF R. Triplesia sp.: RM R.

Historical abundance record, rows 61–65. ? Zygospira sp.: RM R. prasoporid morphotype: ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 P, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R. ramose morphotype: ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R. stick morphotype: ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R. ? Ambonychia radiata Hall, 1847: GM1 R, GM2 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 66–70. ? Avicula orbicularis Hall, 1843: ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R, WM R. Cuneamya cf. miamiensis Hall & Whitfield, 1875: RM R. Cyclochoncha sp.: RM R. ? cyclochonchid: RM R. ? Modiolodon sp.: ALF R.

Historical abundance record, rows 71–75. Modiolopsis sp. A: CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R, WM R. Modiolopsis sp. B: RM R, WM R. Modiolopsis sp.: RM R. Modiolopsis cf. modiolaris (Conrad, 1838): ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R. Modiolopsidae: CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 76–80. Nuculites planulatus Conrad, 1841: CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R, WM P, OSF1 R, OSF2 R. ? Nuculites sp.: OSF1 R. Palaeoneilo sp.: CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R. Palaeonucula sp.: RM R, WM R, OSF1 R. ? Praearca sp.: RM R, WM R.

Historical abundance record, rows 81–85. ? Praeleda sp.: RM R, WM R. Similodonta sp.: GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM P, WM P, OSF1 R, OSF2 R. undetermined bivalves: ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R, WM R, OSF1 R, OSF2 R. ' Cyrtoceras' sp.: CM2 R. ' Orthoceras' pictum Blake, 1882: RM R, WM R.

Historical abundance record, rows 86–90. ' Orthoceras' cf. subundulatum Portlock, 1843: RM R, WM R. ' Poterioceras' sp.: RM R. ? Arjamannia sp.: WM R. Carinaropsis sp.: RM R. Clathrospira sp.: WM R.

Historical abundance record, rows 91–95. Cymbularia sp.: RM R, WM R, OSF1 R. Kokenospira sp.: RM R, WM R. Liospira sp.: RM R, WM R. Lophospira sp.: CM2 R, CM3 R. Lytospira sp.: WM R, OSF1 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 96–100. Phragmolites sp.: CM2 R. Sinuites sp.: CM3 R, RM R, OSF1 R. Temnodiscus sp.: RM R, WM R, OSF1 R. Trochonema sp.: CM2 R. indeterminate bellerophontaceans: RM R, WM R, OSF1 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 101–105. indeterminate gastropod sp. 1: WM R. indeterminate gastropod sp. 2: WM R. indeterminate gastropods: ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R, WM R, OSF1 R. indeterminate pleurotomariaceans: RM R, WM R. indeterminate trochiforms: ALF R, RM R.

Historical abundance record, rows 106–110. Archinacella sp.: RM R, WM R. Cyrtolites sp.: OSF1 R. indeterminate monoplacophorans: RM R, WM R, OSF1 R. Tallinnella scripta (Harper, 1947): ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R. Primitia sp.: CM3 R, RM R, WM R, OSF1 R, OSF2 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 111–115. Ampyxella edgelli (Reed, 1910): WM R, OSF1 R, OSF2 R. Broeggerolithus longiceps (Bancroft, 1929): ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R. Broeggerolithus transiens (Bancroft, 1929): CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R. Brongniartella bisulcata (M' Coy, 1851): ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R. Calyptaulax actonensis Dean, 1961: RM R, WM R, OSF1 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 116–120. Chasmops extensus (Boeck, 1837): ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R, WM R, OSF1 R. Decoroproetus sp.: CM2 R. Encrinurus sp.: CM2 R. ? Eobronteus sp.: OSF2 R. Flexicalymene caractaci (Salter, 1865): CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 121–125. Flexicalymene cobboldi Dean, 1962: ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R. Flexicalymene laticeps (Bancroft, 1949): RM R, WM R. Flexicalymene onniensis (Shirley, 1936): OSF1 R, OSF2 R. Flexicalymene salteri (Bancroft, 1949): WM R. Gravicalymene inflata Dean, 1962: OSF1 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 126–130. Gravicalymene cf. praecox (Bancroft, 1949): OSF1 R. Illaenus cf. fallax Holm, 1882: OSF1 R. Illaenus sp.: WM R, OSF1 R. Kloucekia (Phacopidina) apiculata (M' Coy, 1851): ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R. Lonchodomas pennatus (La Touche, 1884): WM R, OSF1 R, OSF2 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 131–135. Onnia cobboldi (Bancroft, 1929): OSF1 P. Onnia gracilis (Bancroft, 1929): OSF1 C. Onnia superba (Bancroft, 1929): OSF2 C. Otarion sp.: CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R. Platylichas laxatus (M' Coy, 1846): WM R, OSF1 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 136–140. Primaspis caractaci (Salter, 1853): CM3 R, RM R. Pseudosphaerexochus sp.: OSF2 R. Remopleurella burmeisteri (Bancroft, 1949): OSF1 R, OSF2 R. Remopleurides latus onniensis Dean, 1962: WM R. Tretaspis ceriodes favus Dean, 1963: OSF1 R.

Historical abundance record, rows 141–145. Triarthrus cf. linnarssoni Thorslund, 1940: OSF2 R. Hyolithes sp.: OSF2 R. solitary corals: WM R, OSF1 R. crinoid ossicles: ALF R, GM1 R, GM2 R, CM1 R, CM2 R, CM3 R, RM R. phyllocarids: OSF1 R, OSF2 R.

Single-bed collections. The following percentages reproduce Hurst’s eight individual collections without recalculating rounded totals or converting unquantified additions to zero. H1–H3 belong to the footbridge transition; C1–C3 belong to the separate Cheney roadside; A1–A2 follow the historical boundary interpretation discussed above. Small and large forms are retained where Hurst separated them.

Onny River, collection H1. Uppermost Horderley Sandstone: Kjaerina bipartita (small) 61%; Sowerbyella sericea 21%; Bancroftina typa (small) 4%; Brongniartella minor 2%; ramose bryozoan 2%; prasoporid bryozoan 10%; round crinoid ossicles (few, unquantified).

Onny River, collection H2. Lowest Alternata Limestone: Bancroftina typa (large) 53%; Sowerbyella sericea 23%; Heterorthis alternata 15%; Trematis punctata 7%; Brongniartella bisulcata 2%; gastropod fragments (unquantified).

Onny River, collection H3. Single bed 5 cm above H2: Trematis punctata 11%; Bancroftina typa (large) 13%; Heterorthis alternata 65%; Kjaerina bipartita (large) 5%; Sowerbyella sericea 1%; Broeggerolithus longiceps 2%; Modiolopsis cf. modiolaris 2%; indeterminate trochinid gastropod 1%.

Separate Cheney Longville roadside, collection C1. Uppermost Woolstonian single bed: Dalmanella multiplicata multiplicata 40%; Kjaerina typa 18%; Tentaculites anglicus 20%; Paracraniops doyleae 2%; Broeggerolithus longiceps 2%; Flexicalymene caractaci 2%; prasoporid bryozoan 6%; ramose bryozoan 10%; round crinoid ossicles (unquantified).

Separate Cheney Longville roadside, collection C2. Non-diagnostic fauna within following 110 cm: Dalmanella multiplicata multiplicata 37%; Bancroftina hewitti 7%; Kjaerina typa 3%; Tentaculites anglicus 23%; Paracraniops doyleae 13%; Broeggerolithus longiceps 3%; Brongniartella bisulcata 3%; prasoporid bryozoan 7%; ramose bryozoan 3%.

Separate Cheney Longville roadside, collection C3. Diagnostic lower Marshbrookian, 30 cm above C2: Dalmanella multiplicata multiplicata 33%; Bancroftina hewitti 1%; Kjerulfina trigonalis 2%; Strophomena grandis 2%; Sowerbyella sericea 15%; Broeggerolithus transiens 1%; Flexicalymene caractaci 1%; Brongniartella bisulcata 1%; Tentaculites anglicus 16%; prasoporid bryozoan 26%; ramose bryozoan 1%; smooth and ribbed ostracods (unquantified); round and pentagonal crinoid ossicles (unquantified).

Onny River, collection A1. Highest Actonian single-bed collection: Onniella depressa 14%; Cryptothyris paracyclica 2%; Dolerorthis virgata 2%; Eoplectodonta cf. rhombica 25%; Obolus salopiensis 3%; Similodonta sp. 9%; Nuculites planulatus 3%; Palaeonucula sp. 4%; Praearca sp. 9%; ? cyclonchiid 2%; indeterminate bivalves 5%; Chasmops extensus 1%; Lonchodomas pennatus 1%; Ampyxella edgelli 1%; Remopleurides latus onniensis 2%; Flexicalymene laticeps 1%; Kokenospira sp. 8%; Cymbularia sp. 2%; indeterminate gastropods 2%; ' Orthoceras' cf. subundulatum 1%; ramose bryozoans 1%; button bryozoans 1%; smooth ostracods (unquantified).

Onny River, collection A2. Lowest Onnian single-bed collection, after reported 2–3 m gap: Onniella broeggeri 44%; Sericoidea homolensis 20%; Eoplectodonta cf. rhombica 2%; Paterula cf. subcircularis 2%; Onnia cobboldi 10%; Lonchodomas pennatus 3%; Chasmops extensus 1%; Gravicalymene cf. praecox 4%; Temnodiscus sp. 2%; ' Orthoceras' cf. subundulatum 1%; Nuculites planulatus 9%; Palaeonucula sp. 1%; smooth ostracods (unquantified).

Assemblage formation. Hurst’s wider project examined about 50,000 fossils in 250 collections made across the Upper Caradoc district in 1974–76, not solely on this trail. Brachiopod-dominated communities and changing sedimentary environments were distinguished from concentrations altered by transport, fragmentation, size sorting, winnowing and burrowing. A dense shell layer is not automatically an undisturbed life assemblage. More than 100 deposited statistical tables were described as integral supplementary material; they are not part of the recovered dataset.

Exact-locality brachiopod types. Dalmanella multiplicata prima has holotype BB72298, an internal pedicle-valve mould, and additional type material BB72299–72301 from Hurst’s locality 3 in the Alternata Limestone. The lectotype of Kjaerina typa, BB14383, is from locality 12, the old cliff and upper-track area, where both juvenile and adult material was figured. Hurst’s separate 24-specimen Kjaerina slab is from Soudley locality 9 and is not an Onny specimen.

Onny brachiopod revisions. Hurst treated Cryptothyris paracyclica, lectotype BB24172 from locality 39, as including C. cyclica, lectotype BB24218. His Onniella depressa, lectotype BB10251 from locality 37, includes O. sinuata, lectotype BB10254 from locality 40. His O. broeggeri, lectotype BB24077 from locality 50, includes O. inconstans, lectotype BB10259 from locality 49. These are explicitly the 1979 interpretations, not a claim that all combinations have been confirmed against later revisions.

Other important shells. Christiania hollii was described by Davidson in 1871 from Onny cliff material collected by Morris; Hurst figured further specimens from localities 50 and 51. Paterula cf. subcircularis includes tiny 1.1–2.1 mm specimens BB72257–60 at locality 49. Exact Onny material also supports Lingulella sp., Orbiculoidea sp., Schizotreta sp., Dolerorthis virgata and Kjerulfina trigonalis. A species described as new elsewhere in the monograph is not thereby an Onny type.

The disputed identity of Schizocrania hewardi. Hurst named Schizocrania hewardi from locality 51, with holotype BB72268 and other listed material BB72269–71. The holotype was described as only about 1.2 mm long and 1.3 mm wide. Mergl and Nolčová later questioned the supposed brachiopod identity: the convex shell, subdued radial ornament and lack of an evident larval shell suggested that it might instead be an ostracod or primitive mollusc. Its zoological identity remains unresolved, so it must not be counted confidently among modern brachiopod records.

The Onnia sampling framework. Owen and Ingham sampled 23 levels, A–W, during low-water visits in 1974–83. Their detailed location map was withheld for conservation and deposited in museums. Hurst’s collections 97–98 correspond to cobboldi; 35 and 99–102 to creta; and 32–34, 36–37 to the gracilis interval, with superba also represented in 32. These correlations do not justify new exact public sampling coordinates.

Level crosswalk. A–F are cobboldi, G–J creta, K–M the gracilis acme interval, and N–W superba. A–S lie in the redefined Wistanstow Member; T–W lie in the restricted Onny Formation. Bancroft’s Px corresponds to B, Pw1 to C, Pw3 to D, Pw5 to E, Pc to the M–N interval, Pd to P, and the P2/P3/P5 cliff interval to V. Only H has an explicit 14.8 m numerical height encoded here. K–M and W are not rows in the published superba measurement table.

Fringe measurements, rather than faunal abundance. The five variables in Owen and Ingham’s Table 1 are the radius of the first I2 pit, the number of I2 pits, the radius of the first I3 pit, the number of I3 pits and the radius of the first F-series pit. Each triple below gives range / mean / n, in that order. A dash is a printed missing mean, not zero. Measurements concern selected cephalic half-fringes; n is not the number of all fossils in a bed. Level V includes Bancroft Collection material.

Level A measurements. Onnia superba cobboldi: first I2 radius 2–4 / 3 / 35; I2 pits 13–19 / 17 / 28; first I3 radius 5–10 / 8 / 41; I3 pits 10–14 / 12 / 35; first F radius 9–14 / 12 / 30.

Level B measurements. Onnia superba cobboldi: first I2 radius 1–4 / 3 / 75; I2 pits 14–19 / 16 / 65; first I3 radius 5–11 / 8 / 69; I3 pits 9–14 / 12 / 61; first F radius 9–14 / 11 / 63.

Level C measurements. Onnia superba cobboldi: first I2 radius 2–3 / — / 7; I2 pits 14–18 / — / 6; first I3 radius 7–9 / — / 7; I3 pits 12–16 / — / 6; first F radius 11–13 / — / 6.

Level D measurements. Onnia superba cobboldi: first I2 radius 3 / — / 2; I2 pits 17 / — / 2; first I3 radius 8–9 / — / 3; I3 pits 11–13 / — / 3; first F radius 11–12 / — / 3.

Level E measurements. Onnia superba cobboldi: first I2 radius 2–3 / — / 3; I2 pits 18–19 / — / 2; first I3 radius 6–7 / — / 2; I3 pits 13–15 / — / 2; first F radius 11 / — / 2.

Level F measurements. Onnia superba cobboldi: first I2 radius 2–3 / — / 5; I2 pits 14–17 / — / 5; first I3 radius 4–8 / — / 5; I3 pits 13 / — / 4; first F radius 8–12 / — / 5.

Level G measurements. Onnia superba creta: first I2 radius 2 / — / 3; I2 pits 13–15 / — / 2; first I3 radius 7–8 / — / 2; I3 pits 11 / — / 2; first F radius 10 / — / 1.

Level H measurements. Onnia superba creta: first I2 radius 1–4 / 3 / 31; I2 pits 12–18 / 15 / 26; first I3 radius 4–8 / 6 / 32; I3 pits 9–13 / 11 / 26; first F radius 8–11 / 9 / 29.

Level I measurements. Onnia superba creta: first I2 radius 1–5 / 3 / 17; I2 pits 13–16 / 15 / 16; first I3 radius 5–9 / 7 / 19; I3 pits 10–13 / 11 / 17; first F radius 8–15 / 10 / 17.

Level J measurements. Onnia superba creta: first I2 radius 2–4 / 3 / 24; I2 pits 12–17 / 14 / 19; first I3 radius 5–11 / 7 / 23; I3 pits 8–13 / 11 / 19; first F radius 8–13 / 10 / 18.

Level N measurements. Onnia superba superba (early population): first I2 radius 2–3 / 3 / 52; I2 pits 15–19 / 17 / 43; first I3 radius 4–10 / 6 / 51; I3 pits 10–18 / 14 / 45; first F radius 9–14 / 12 / 50.

Level O measurements. Onnia superba superba (early population): first I2 radius 2 / — / 2; I2 pits 17–20 / — / 2; first I3 radius 7–8 / — / 2; I3 pits 14 / — / 2; first F radius 11–15 / — / 2.

Level P measurements. Onnia superba superba (early population): first I2 radius 2–3 / 3 / 17; I2 pits 16–19 / 18 / 16; first I3 radius 4–8 / 6 / 16; I3 pits 12–17 / 14 / 13; first F radius 9–14 / 12 / 16.

Level Q measurements. Onnia superba superba (early population): first I2 radius 2–3 / — / 9; I2 pits 15–18 / — / 7; first I3 radius 4–8 / — / 7; I3 pits 12–15 / — / 4; first F radius 11–12 / — / 6.

Level R measurements. Onnia superba superba (early population): first I2 radius 3 / — / 2; I2 pits 16–19 / — / 2; first I3 radius 6–7 / — / 2; I3 pits 17 / — / 1; first F radius 11–14 / — / 2.

Level S measurements. Onnia superba superba (early population): first I2 radius 3 / — / 7; I2 pits 14–19 / — / 7; first I3 radius 6–9 / — / 6; I3 pits 10–15 / — / 7; first F radius 9–14 / — / 5.

Level T measurements. Onnia superba superba (late population): first I2 radius 2–3 / — / 2; I2 pits 17 / — / 2; first I3 radius 5–7 / — / 2; I3 pits 14–15 / — / 2; first F radius 8 / — / 1.

Level U measurements. Onnia superba superba (late population): first I2 radius 2–3 / — / 9; I2 pits 17–18 / — / 8; first I3 radius 6–8 / 7 / 11; I3 pits 11–17 / 14 / 10; first F radius 10–13 / — / 6.

Level V measurements. Onnia superba superba (late population): first I2 radius 1–4 / 2 / 56; I2 pits 15–22 / 18 / 51; first I3 radius 4–9 / 7 / 60; I3 pits 11–16 / 14 / 50; first F radius 6–13 / 11 / 31.

An unresolved numerical inconsistency. One passage gives 94%, 91% and 42% as the proportions of Onnia gracilis with arc I4 in levels K, L and M, using n = 18, 43 and 119. The systematic account describes the same percentages as lacking I4 and gives n = 19 for M. Both statements are printed in the original paper. The direction and last sample size cannot be resolved from the available evidence. The five-page supplement SUP14034 remains unavailable; environmental, phenotypic and evolutionary explanations for the broader pattern should remain alternatives rather than a claimed proven mechanism.

The cobboldi lectotype correction. Dean’s original 1960 selection identifies BM In42072 as the cobboldi lectotype. Owen and Ingham’s later printed BM In42074 for this specimen is a catalogue error: that number belongs to the Onnia gracilis lectotype, as Dean also confirms. BM In49028 is another corrected record: it was once assigned to cobboldi through a supposed Px provenance, but the original Pc label places it with superba at level N.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba superba, BM In42070 (holotype), V; upper Onny Formation cliff: Internal mould of cephalon. Onnia superba cobboldi, BM In42072 (lectotype; 1988 prints BM In42074 in error), Px = B; Wistanstow Member: Incomplete cephalon. The 1988 number is erroneous; Dean’s 1960 lectotype selection supplies the correct number. Onnia gracilis, BM In42074 (lectotype as printed p 850), Pc; equivalent M and N: Incomplete cephalon; the number agrees with Dean’s 1960 lectotype selection.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba superba, BM In52011/1 (Plate 74 fig 1), Pc = N: Cephalon, largely testate. Onnia superba superba, HM A15145 (Plate 74 fig 2), N: Cephalon frontal view. Onnia superba superba, BM In49028 (Plate 74 fig 3), Pc = N: Almost complete; Dean 1960 misassigned to cobboldi believing it came from Px; original Pc label corrects provenance.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba superba, HM A21759 (Plate 74 figs 4–5), N: Cranidium with healed severe damage on right fringe. Onnia superba superba, HM A21758 (Plate 74 fig 6), N: Cephalon. Onnia superba superba, HM A21751 (Plate 74 fig 7), U: Partly exfoliated cephalon and parts of three thoracic segments.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba superba, HM A15148 (Plate 74 fig 8), P: Partly exfoliated cephalon with long occipital spine. Onnia superba superba, HM A21741 (Plate 74 fig 9), N: Complete individual. Onnia superba superba, BM In49029 (Plate 74 fig 10), Cliff, no letter given: Exfoliated almost complete specimen with ventral mould of lower lamella.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba superba, HM A21757 (Plate 74 fig 11), U: Internal mould of lower lamella. Onnia superba superba, HM A21767a (Plate 74 fig 12), Cliff, no letter given: Rather flattened cranidium. Onnia superba superba, HM A21753b (Plate 74 fig 13), U: Latex peel of external mould of small cranidium with glabellar reticulation.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba superba, HM A21754b (Plate 74 fig 13), U: Latex peel of external mould of small cephalon with glabellar reticulation. Onnia superba cobboldi, HM A21761 (Plate 75 figs 1–2), B: Testate cephalon. Onnia superba cobboldi, HM A21732 (Plate 75 fig 3), B: Cranidium.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba cobboldi, HM A15158/1 (Plate 75 fig 4), D: One of two cranidia; smaller reticulate, larger smooth; caption does not separately map suffix to size. Onnia superba cobboldi, HM A15158/2 (Plate 75 fig 4), D: One of two cranidia; smaller reticulate, larger smooth; caption does not separately map suffix to size. Onnia superba cobboldi, HM A15184 (Plate 75 fig 5), E: Partly exfoliated cephalon.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba cobboldi, HM A15183/1 (Plate 75 fig 6), F: Damaged partial cephalon, subdued I1 swelling. Onnia superba cobboldi, HM A15159/1 (Plate 75 fig 7), D: Small partly compressed cranidium; pitted genal lobes, finely reticulate median glabellar band. Onnia superba cobboldi, HM A15178/1 (Plate 75 fig 8), F: Partial cranidium, subdued I1 swelling.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba cobboldi, HM A21742/1 (Plate 75 fig 9), B: Cranidium, very subdued I1 swelling. Onnia superba cobboldi, HM A21734 (Plate 75 fig 10), A: Incomplete cranidium, subdued I1 swelling. Onnia superba cobboldi, HM A15159/2 (Plate 75 fig 11), D: Partly exfoliated cranidium, slight I1 swelling.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba creta, HM A15087 (holotype; Plate 76 figs 1, 3), H; 14.8 m above base of Onnian: Testate cephalon. Onnia superba creta, HM A15067/1 (paratype; Plate 76 fig 2), H: Cranidium. Onnia superba creta, HM A15067/2 (paratype; Plate 76 fig 2), H: Lower lamella.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba creta, HM A21745 (Plate 76 fig 4), I: Cephalon, reticulate glabella and pitted genal lobe. Onnia superba creta, HM A21746 (Plate 76 fig 5), J: Large cephalon, fine glabellar reticulation and sparsely pitted genal lobes. Onnia superba creta, HM A21747 (Plate 76 fig 6), J: Partial cranidium, reticulate glabella and pitted genal lobes.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba creta, HM A15075 (paratype; Plate 76 fig 7), H: Cranidium and incomplete thorax; pygidium present but not visible in photographed view. Onnia superba creta, HM A15083 (paratype; Plate 76 fig 8), H: Partly exfoliated cephalon. Onnia superba creta, HM A15086/2 (paratype; Plate 76 fig 9), H: Cephalon.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba creta, HM A21738 (Text-fig. 7 A, C), J: Enrolled individual, dorsal and ventral cephalic views. Onnia superba creta, HM A15073/1 (paratype; Text-fig. 7 B), H: Cranidium, fine glabellar reticulation. Onnia superba creta, HM A21748 (Text-fig. 7 D), I: Pygidium.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba creta, HM A15076 (paratype; Text-fig. 7 E), H: Small cranidium; reticulate glabella and genal lobes; subdued I1 swelling. Onnia superba creta, HM A21763 (Text-fig. 7 F), I: Lower lamella, ventral view. Onnia superba creta, HM A21766 (Text-fig. 7 G), I: Damaged cephalon; stripped right genal lobe reveals impressions of spiculate areas on internal mould.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia superba creta, HM A21743 (Text-fig. 7 H), H: Pygidium. Onnia superba creta, HM A21740 (Text-fig. 7 I), I: Partly exfoliated small cranidium; reticulate genal lobe and smooth glabellar internal mould. Onnia gracilis, BM In49032 (paralectotype; Plate 77 fig 1), Pc, M or N, probably M: Individual with repaired left-fringe damage; I4 present.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia gracilis, BM In52014/2 (Plate 77 figs 2, 5), Pc, M or N, probably M: Cephalon lacking I4. Onnia gracilis, BM In52010 (Plate 77 fig 3), Pc, M or N, probably M: Cephalon lacking I4. Onnia gracilis, HM A15018 (Plate 77 fig 4), L: Partly exfoliated crushed cranidium; short occipital spine; I4 present.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia gracilis, BM In52014/3 (Plate 77 figs 6–8), Pc, M or N, probably M: Cranidium. Onnia gracilis, BM In52014/1 (Plate 77 figs 9, 12), Pc, M or N, probably M: Somewhat flattened cranidium lacking I4. Onnia gracilis, BM In52017/2 (Plate 77 fig 10), Pc, M or N, probably M: Cranidium lacking I4.

Onnia specimen record. Onnia gracilis, BM In52017/3 (Plate 77 fig 11), Pc, M or N, probably M: Cranidium lacking I4.

Other trilobites in the original monographs. Dean’s four parts record additional Onny taxa and individual specimens. The following records preserve his historical identifications and qualified occurrences. Types from Smeathen Wood, Soudley, Rookery Wood, Whittingslow, Marsh Wood, Rose Villa or Ireland remain separate from specimens occurring in the river or railway corridor. The historical regional monographs are not a complete modern synonymy review.

Dean’s 1960 record. Ampyxella edgelli. Onnia superba cliff, north bank 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; also Actonian near Batch Gutter. GSM35648 lectotype; GSM35641 pygidium; Sedgwick A43831 whole internal mould; BU8312 whole cast; BM In49724 and In37612. Horderley Quarry label corrected by Dean on preservation; GSM35642 likely Actonian, not upper cliff.

Dean’s 1960 record. Lonchodomas pennatus includes holotype BM In37621, whose superba-cliff provenance was inferred by Dean from preservation and associated fossils. Cranidium In48561 is Actonian and probably from the south-bank locality 80 yd west of Batch Gutter. Plate 11 locates the testate thorax, pygidium and free-cheek material In48935, pygidium In48934, and cranidium In48939 in the gracilis zone on the north bank 85 yd east of the junction. The two views of In48934 were photographed whitened and wet to reveal the pygidial muscle scars.

Dean’s 1960 record. Broeggerolithus broeggeri. Glenburrell Beds, nearby river bed; type from separate Smeathen Wood stream. BM In42077 lectotype from Smeathen Wood. The river occurrence does not make the separate type an Onny specimen.

Dean’s 1960 record. Broeggerolithus constrictus, reported record questioned. River bed near north bank 55 yd S Round House. No confirmed local voucher for constrictus. Dean considered local material probably B. broeggeri.

Dean’s 1960 record. Broeggerolithus soudleyensis. Lower/Upper Soudleyan near Glenburrell; small quarry 100 yd SE farm. Bancroft 1949 figured specimen lost. Type specimens from Soudley Quarry, not Onny.

Dean’s 1960 record. Broeggerolithus globiceps. Disused railway southwest bank between opposite Glenburrell and New House; Lower Longvillian. Type BM In42076 from Rookery Wood, separate. Type-locality does not equal railway occurrence.

Dean’s 1960 record. Broeggerolithus simplex. Possible fragments between Glenburrell and New House, Dalmanella horderleyensis Zone. Holotype In 50614 from Rookery Wood, separate. Only fragmentary uncertain river-area occurrence. In part IV (1963, p. 4), Dean discussed the synonymy of his earlier Broeggerolithus simplex with B. nicholsoni and confirmed the latter in the large roadside quarry described as 280 yd southeast of Glenburrell Farm, in the Dalmanella horderleyensis Zone, as well as at separately named Rookery Wood exposures. This reports Dean’s later interpretation, not a new independent settlement of modern taxonomy.

Dean’s 1960 record. Broeggerolithus longiceps. South side old railway 175 yd SSE New House; Alternata Limestone. Types from Whittingslow stream, separate. Named local occurrence, type not local trail.

Dean’s 1960 record. Broeggerolithus transiens. South bank 160 yd east end Burrell Coppice; also 1050 yd WSW Wistanstow Church. In 50604 cephalon at latter locality, Plate 18 fig 8. Holotype Marsh Wood, not Onny.

Dean’s 1960 record. Onnia? cobboldi. River bed south bank 45 yd ESE Batch Gutter; north bank 63 yd ESE. Lectotype In 42072; In 49026; In 49028 misassigned and revised 1988. Historical 40 ft range superseded by 1988 zoning.

Dean’s 1960 record. Onnia gracilis. Ledge crossing river 100 yd east Batch Gutter. Lectotype In 42074; whole paratype In 49032. Test preserved; healed cephalic-fringe injury.

Dean’s 1960 record. Onnia superba was described from the yellow-weathering cliff 160 yd east of Batch Gutter, also located 720 yd WSW of Wistanstow Church. Holotype BM In42070 is named on page 136, but the same page’s attribution of plate 19, figure 9 to In42070 conflicts with the plate caption, which says In49031; this printed discrepancy remains unresolved here. The other figured vouchers are In49158 (figures 4–5), In49157 (6), In50709 (8), In49030 (11), and In49029 (13–14). They show immature cephala, the fringe underside, and a whole internal mould. Dean also describes the small unfigured cephalon In50701 from the type-locality. His abundance and approximate 50 ft range are historical observations, not promises of present collecting success.

Dean’s 1960 record. Onnia aff. superba. North bank 100 yd east Batch Gutter. In 54037, Plate 19 fig 10. Historical determination revised in 1988.

Dean’s 1961 record. Pseudosphaerexochus sp. Onnia superba cliff. In 50660, Plate 49 figs 2, 7, 8. Almost complete distorted cephalon, internal mould.

Dean’s 1961 record. Kloucekia (Phacopidina) apiculata. Old quarry below track at NE Burrells Coppice; Upper Longvillian. No exact individual number assigned in this occurrence paragraph. Abundant preferentially in calcareous bands; wider road quarries separately listed.

Dean’s 1961 record. Calyptaulax actonensis occurs rarely in the lowest Actonian on the south bank about 85 yd west of Batch Gutter, and in topmost Actonian to basal Onnian beds on the north bank about 30 yd east. The holotype BM In49771 and paratypes In49318 and In49768 are from Gretton. Paratype In48492, illustrated in plate 50, figure 13, is instead said to be probably from the north side of the Bishops Castle road, south-west of Wistanstow; it is not a securely proven river specimen.

Dean’s 1961 record. Chasmops extensa is represented in the south-bank exposure 80 yd west of Batch Gutter by large partly testate cephalon BM In49127 (plate 51, figures 4, 8, 10; plate 52, figures 1, 6), testate pygidium In49128 (plate 51, figures 5, 9; plate 52, figure 7), and hypostoma In49126 (plate 51, figure 6). Basal-Onnian cranidium In50549 is explicitly located by plate 52, figure 3 at the south bank 45 yd east of the junction. The occurrence mentioned separately in the text on the north bank 35 yd east is not an individual locality assignment for this voucher. Earlier vouchers In50547 and In50546 are from the separate Burrells Coppice quarry.

Dean’s 1961 record. Chasmops salopiensis. 3 in fossil-fragment band, north bank 30 yd east Batch Gutter; topmost Actonian. Holotype In 50551 partly testate incomplete cephalon; In 50552 tentatively assigned pygidium. Pygidium expressly excluded from type material because uncertain.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Onnicalymene onniensis. Onnia gracilis ledge 100 yd east Batch Gutter and superba cliff. GSM RR1940 holotype, locality probably gracilis ledge; In52092 thorax/pygidium; In50711 upper-cliff cranidium. Possible cobboldi fragments uncertain; Actonian identifications other species.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Onnicalymene laticeps. Uppermost Actonian north bank 62 ft east Batch Gutter. In 50723 uncrushed testate cranidium. Holotype from Rose Villa, not Onny.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Onnicalymene salteri. Jack Slither south bank 45 yd west Batch Gutter; illustrated specimen 80 yd west. Paratype In 42099; In 50736 testate cranidium. Holotype Rose Villa; distances differ among records.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Gravicalymene cf. praecox. Onnia gracilis north bank 100 yd east Batch Gutter. In 50654 testate cranidium; In 50655 associated thorax/pygidium. Association believed, not articulated proof.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Gravicalymene inflata. Onnia gracilis north bank 100 yd east Batch Gutter. Holotype In 50653 incomplete testate cranidium. Only specimen known in original description.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Illaenus cf. fallax. Actonian around Batch Gutter; cobboldi north bank 63 yd east and gracilis 100 yd east. In 50760 pygidium, plate says 70 yd; In 50515 pygidium; In 50759 testate cranidium. 63/70 yd source discrepancy retained; cf. identification.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Platylichas laxatus. Actonian bed/banks either side Batch Gutter; cobboldi north bank 63 yd ESE. In 50747 partly testate cranidium; In 46440 nearly complete cranidium; 80 yd west Batch Gutter. Holotype Ireland; Onny material not type.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Primaspis caractaci. Actonian grey mudstone river succession. No exact numbered Onny figured specimen. Rare locally; types and common arenaceous material elsewhere.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Triarthrus cf. linnarssoni. Onnia superba cliff. In 49320 immature pygidium; In 51528 immature cranidium; Shrewsbury 374 cranidium. Three cranidia and one small incomplete pygidium examined; The qualified identification is retained.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Remopleurides warburgae. Uppermost third Actonian, north bank 87 ft east Batch Gutter. Holotype In 49751 testate cranidium. Plate caption rounds distance to 30 yd. The systematic account gives 87 ft east of Batch Gutter for the uppermost Actonian Remopleurides type bed, whereas plate 46 says 30 yd. These historical distance expressions remain separate; 87 ft is 29 yd, not a new surveyed coordinate. The Illaenus cf. fallax text and figured caption likewise retain their 63 yd versus approximately 70 yd distinction.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Remopleurides latus onniensis. Same 87 ft locality, 3 in shell-debris band. Holotype In 49750; paratype In 49762. Possible Acton Scott fragments uncertain. The systematic account gives 87 ft east of Batch Gutter for the uppermost Actonian Remopleurides type bed, whereas plate 46 says 30 yd. These historical distance expressions remain separate; 87 ft is 29 yd, not a new surveyed coordinate. The Illaenus cf. fallax text and figured caption likewise retain their 63 yd versus approximately 70 yd distinction.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Remopleurides sp. Same 3 in bed. In 49752 left librigena; In 49753 incomplete thorax. Sorted disarticulated fragments; no pygidia found. The systematic account gives 87 ft east of Batch Gutter for the uppermost Actonian Remopleurides type bed, whereas plate 46 says 30 yd. These historical distance expressions remain separate; 87 ft is 29 yd, not a new surveyed coordinate. The Illaenus cf. fallax text and figured caption likewise retain their 63 yd versus approximately 70 yd distinction.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Remopleurella burmeisteri is represented at the Onnia superba cliff by lectotype BM In42106, paratypes In42098 and In49561, cranidium In49748, and hypostoma In56800a (plate 45, figure 2). Plate 46, figure 12 separately identifies the hypostoma associated with In49561 as In49561a. The suffixes are a, not b. Dean’s earlier occurrence is the single testate cranidium In54772 from the gracilis horizon about 100 yd east of Batch Gutter; the remaining known specimens, including the types, were from the superba cliff.

Dean’s 1963 part III record. Eobronteus? sp. Onnia superba cliff. Sedgwick A43833. Three fragments known; incomplete exoskeleton; generic uncertainty retained.

Dean’s 1963 part IV record. Tretaspis ceriodes favus occurs in the topmost Actonian fossil-fragment band in the north bank about 30 yd east of Batch Gutter. The plates positively locate holotype BM In54718 and figured paratypes In54719 and In54722 here. Dean also lists unfigured paratypes In54721, In54759, In55656 and In55662, but does not allocate each individually between the Onny and his separate Cardington occurrence. Those four should not be presented as securely localised Onny specimens. Fragmentary examples in the overlying cobboldi mudstones may be reworked and do not establish a proven upward range extension.

Microscopic conodont elements. Savage and Bassett analysed 110 regional samples, of which 48 were barren and 62 yielded conodonts. Their regional list is not a trail checklist. The records below concern individual phosphatic apparatus elements, not complete animals or readily visible hand-specimen fossils. A dash in the original table means no listed material, rather than proven absence from an entire formation. The study recovered no diagnostic zonal conodonts from the Shropshire type succession; a Welshpool Amorphognathus ordovicicus zonal record cannot be imported into an Onny bed.

Conodont sample 26. Coston Formation; Onny section quarry, SO41188624. Recorded elements: Panderodus cf. P. gracilis 4; Plectodina tenuis 47; Prioniodus deani 11. The alteration index is 1.5. The printed quarry coordinate differs from the Survey quarry coordinate, so a precise bed match remains unverified.

Conodont sample 27. Coston Formation; Onny section quarry, SO41188624. Recorded elements: Indet. fragment 2. The alteration index is 1.5. The printed quarry coordinate differs from the Survey quarry coordinate, so a precise bed match remains unverified.

Conodont sample 28. Coston Formation; A489 quarry, SO41198623. Recorded elements: Drepanoistodus suberectus 1; Panderodus cf. P. gracilis 8. The alteration index is 1.5. This is a separately labelled road or roadside comparison, not an old-cliff or railway collection.

Apparatus elements, separate roadside sample 28. Drepanoistodus: one non-geniculate element. Panderodus: four graciliform and four compressiform elements. These source element counts belong to the separately labelled A489 quarry comparator, not the old-cliff or railway assemblage; they are not whole-animal counts. Unlisted element positions remain source dashes.

Conodont sample 29. Coston Formation; A489 quarry, SO41198623. Recorded elements: Drepanoistodus suberectus 1; Panderodus cf. P. gracilis 1; Plectodina tenuis 3. The alteration index is 1.5. This is a separately labelled road or roadside comparison, not an old-cliff or railway collection.

Apparatus elements, separate roadside sample 29. Drepanoistodus: one non-geniculate element. Panderodus: one graciliform element. Plectodina tenuis: Pa 2 and M 1. These source element counts belong to the separately labelled A489 quarry comparator, not the old-cliff or railway assemblage; they are not whole-animal counts. Unlisted element positions remain source dashes.

Conodont sample 41. Alternata Limestone; Onny river, SO41798575. Recorded elements: Indet. fragment 1. The alteration index is 1.5.

Conodont sample 46. Alternata Limestone; Onny railway, SO41758570. Recorded elements: Icriodella superba 3; Plectodina bullhillensis 2. The alteration index is 1.5.

Conodont sample 50. Cheney Longville Formation, Glynboro Member; Cheney Longville roadside, SO41858501. Recorded elements: Drepanoistodus suberectus 10; Icriodella superba 36; Panderodus cf. P. gracilis 7; Plectodina tenuis 14; Rhodesognathus elegans 21. The alteration index is 1.5. This is a separately labelled road or roadside comparison, not an old-cliff or railway collection.

Separate roadside conodont sample 33. Horderley Sandstone Formation; A489 road section; SO41518599. Recorded element totals: indeterminate fragments 3. Every other Table 2 entry in this sample is a source dash. Colour alteration index: 1.5. This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 34. Horderley Sandstone Formation; A489 road section; SO41518599. All Table 2 element entries for this sample are source dashes; no positive occurrence is printed. Colour alteration index: 1.5. This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 35. Horderley Sandstone Formation; A489 road section; SO41538595. All Table 2 element entries for this sample are source dashes; no positive occurrence is printed. Colour alteration index: 1.5. This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 36. Horderley Sandstone Formation; A489 road section; SO41758583. Recorded element totals: indeterminate fragments 1. Every other Table 2 entry in this sample is a source dash. Colour alteration index: 1.5. This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 37. Horderley Sandstone Formation; A489 road section; SO41758583. Recorded element totals: indeterminate fragments 1. Every other Table 2 entry in this sample is a source dash. Colour alteration index: 1.5. This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 48. Cheney Longville Formation, Glynboro Member; A489 road section; SO41938575. All Table 2 element entries for this sample are source dashes; no positive occurrence is printed. Colour alteration index: unlisted (source dash). This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 49. Cheney Longville Formation, Glynboro Member; A489 road section; SO41938575. Recorded element totals: Icriodella superba 2. Every other Table 2 entry in this sample is a source dash. Colour alteration index: 1.5. This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 51. Cheney Longville Formation, Glynboro Member; A489 road section; SO42018571. Recorded element totals: Icriodella superba 1. Every other Table 2 entry in this sample is a source dash. Colour alteration index: 1.5. This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 52. Cheney Longville Formation, Crosspipes Member; Cheney Longville roadside; SO41918495. All Table 2 element entries for this sample are source dashes; no positive occurrence is printed. Colour alteration index: unlisted (source dash). This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 53. Cheney Longville Formation, Crosspipes Member; A489 road section; SO42098566. Recorded element totals: Drepanoistodus suberectus 3; Icriodella superba 5; Panderodus cf. P. gracilis 2; Plectodina tenuis 1; Rhodesognathus elegans 5. Every other Table 2 entry in this sample is a source dash. Colour alteration index: 1.5. This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 54. Cheney Longville Formation, Crosspipes Member; A489 road section; SO42098566. Recorded element totals: Drepanoistodus suberectus 1; indeterminate fragments 2. Every other Table 2 entry in this sample is a source dash. Colour alteration index: 1.5. This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 55. Cheney Longville Formation, Crosspipes Member; A489 road section; SO42198559. All Table 2 element entries for this sample are source dashes; no positive occurrence is printed. Colour alteration index: unlisted (source dash). This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 56. Acton Scott Formation, Ragdon Member; A489 road section; SO42328552. All Table 2 element entries for this sample are source dashes; no positive occurrence is printed. Colour alteration index: unlisted (source dash). This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 57. Acton Scott Formation, Ragdon Member; A489 road section; SO42328552. Recorded element totals: indeterminate fragments 1. Every other Table 2 entry in this sample is a source dash. Colour alteration index: 1.5. This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 60. Acton Scott Formation, Ragdon Member; A489 road section; SO42398551. All Table 2 element entries for this sample are source dashes; no positive occurrence is printed. Colour alteration index: unlisted (source dash). This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Separate roadside conodont sample 61. Acton Scott Formation, Wistanstow Member; A489 road section; SO42418550. All Table 2 element entries for this sample are source dashes; no positive occurrence is printed. Colour alteration index: unlisted (source dash). This is a separately located roadside comparison. No sample-by-sample correlation with the later Hounslow CL series or the river fauna is inferred.

Conodont sample 64. Acton Scott Formation, Wistanstow Member; Onny river, SO42368539. No conodont elements are listed for this sample. No alteration index is listed.

Conodont sample 65. Acton Scott Formation, Wistanstow Member; Onny river, SO42368539. No conodont elements are listed for this sample. No alteration index is listed.

Conodont sample 69. Onny Shale Formation; Onny river, SO42598535. Recorded elements: Indet. fragment 4. No alteration index is listed. “Onny Shale” here uses the pre-1988 formation scope.

Conodont sample 70. Onny Shale Formation; Onny river, SO42598535. No conodont elements are listed for this sample. No alteration index is listed. “Onny Shale” here uses the pre-1988 formation scope.

Apparatus elements, sample 26. Panderodus cf. P. gracilis: graciliform 2, compressiform 2; Plectodina tenuis: Pa 11, Pb 2, M 10, Sa 6, Sb 5, Sc 13; Prioniodus deani: Pa 7, Pb 3, S 1. Pa, Pb, M, S, Sa, Sb and Sc are element-position labels; counts must not be reinterpreted as numbers of whole animals. Unlisted positions are source dashes.

Apparatus elements, sample 46. Icriodella superba: Pa 2, Pb unlisted, M 1; Plectodina bullhillensis: Pa 2. Pa, Pb, M, S, Sa, Sb and Sc are element-position labels; counts must not be reinterpreted as numbers of whole animals. Unlisted positions are source dashes.

Apparatus elements, sample 50. Drepanoistodus suberectus: non-geniculate 10; Icriodella superba: Pa 26, Pb 3, M 7; Panderodus cf. P. gracilis: graciliform 7; Plectodina tenuis: Pa 10, M 2, Sb 2; Rhodesognathus elegans: Pa 12, Pb 9. Pa, Pb, M, S, Sa, Sb and Sc are element-position labels; counts must not be reinterpreted as numbers of whole animals. Unlisted positions are source dashes. This is the separate Cheney roadside sample.

Figured conodont vouchers. Prioniodus deani, NMW81.5G.2, sample 26, Pa holotype (plate 80, figs 23–24); exact Onny. Prioniodus deani, NMW81.5G.3, sample 26, Pa (plate 80, figs 25–26); exact Onny. Prioniodus deani, NMW81.5G.4, sample 26, Pb (plate 80, figs 27–29); exact Onny. Prioniodus deani, NMW81.5G.48, sample 26, S (plate 80, figs 38–39); exact Onny.

Figured conodont vouchers. Panderodus cf. P. gracilis, NMW81.5G.5, sample 26, compressiform (plate 80, figs 43); exact Onny. Plectodina tenuis, NMW81.5G.6, sample 26, Pa (plate 81, figs 19–21); exact Onny. Plectodina tenuis, NMW81.5G.7, sample 26, Pb (plate 81, figs 22–23); exact Onny. Plectodina tenuis, NMW81.5G.8, sample 26, Sb (plate 81, figs 24–25); exact Onny.

Figured conodont vouchers. Plectodina tenuis, NMW81.5G.9, sample 26, M (plate 81, figs 26–28); exact Onny. Plectodina tenuis, NMW81.5G.10, sample 26, Sc (plate 81, figs 29–30); exact Onny. Plectodina tenuis, NMW81.5G.11, sample 26, Sb (plate 81, figs 31); exact Onny. Plectodina tenuis, NMW81.5G.12, sample 26, Sa (plate 81, figs 32–33); exact Onny.

Figured conodont vouchers. Plectodina tenuis, NMW81.5G.13, sample 26, Sa (plate 81, figs 34–35); exact Onny. Icriodella superba, NMW81.5G.19, sample 46, M (plate 82, figs 28–29); exact Onny old railway. Icriodella superba, NMW81.5G.20, sample 46, Pa (plate 82, figs 30–32); exact Onny old railway. Icriodella superba, NMW81.5G.21, sample 50, Pb (plate 82, figs 33); separate Cheney Longville roadside.

Figured conodont vouchers. Rhodesognathus elegans, NMW81.5G.22, sample 50, Pa (plate 82, figs 34); separate Cheney Longville roadside. Rhodesognathus elegans, NMW81.5G.23, sample 50, Pb (plate 82, figs 35–36); separate Cheney Longville roadside. Rhodesognathus elegans, NMW81.5G.24, sample 50, Pb (plate 82, figs 37); separate Cheney Longville roadside. Drepanoistodus suberectus, NMW81.5G.25, sample 50, element (plate 82, figs 38); separate Cheney Longville roadside.

Prioniodus deani type material. The Pa element NMW81.5G.2, figured on plate 80, figs 23–24, is the holotype of Prioniodus deani from Onny quarry sample 26. The species’ 17-element descriptive material also includes Hoar Edge specimens, whereas only 11 deani elements are listed in sample 26. Neither the regional total nor the authors’ kilogram-scale laboratory sampling represents ordinary visitor finds or collecting advice. The 21-page supplement SUP14024 and the referenced National Museum of Wales Geology Open File 2 were not recovered.

Chitinozoans and their sample limits. Jenkins’s acid-resistant microscopic fossils require specialist preparation. His Caradoc table has 34 rows and 15 columns, including off-trail Ruckley C16 and Marsh Wood C14/b. The Desmochitina minor aggregate overlaps its form rows; these cannot be counted as separate independent species. The sample intervals are non-uniform, some absolute heights are uncertain, and no exact correlation to the later A–W levels is invented. A recorded plus is an occurrence; unlisted columns for each taxon below are blank in the original table.

Chitinozoan sample C11. Glenburrell Beds (1967), SO412862. Olive-green shaly mudstone with concretions; basal mudstones; north side of cartway northwest of Glenburrell, about 75 ft northeast of stackyard gate. Nearby cartway, separate from old quarry face.

Chitinozoan sample C9. Alternata Limestone, SO418857. Greenish shelly sandstone inside old railway cutting, a few yards southeast of footbridge south of New House. Guide railway area.

Chitinozoan sample C8/b. Lower Cheney Longville Flags, SO421855. Partly decalcified highly fossiliferous green sandstone; 14 ft below C8/a. River pool northeast corner Burrell Coppice.

Chitinozoan sample C8/c. Lower Cheney Longville Flags, SO421855. Laminated green flaggy sandstone; 6 ft below C8/a. River pool northeast corner Burrell Coppice.

Chitinozoan sample C8/a. Lower Cheney Longville Flags, SO421855. Slightly calcareous fine green sandstone; 5 ft below highest exposure above pool. Not an independent column in Table I. River pool northeast corner Burrell Coppice.

Chitinozoan sample C6. Acton Scott Beds, basal Actonian, SO422854. Olive-green sandy mudstone below tree above Jack Slither; Bancroft P7. River research locality.

Chitinozoan sample C4. Acton Scott Beds, topmost Actonian, SO424854. Highly calcareous grey rubbly micaceous mudstone with numerous trilobites, low north bank 85 ft east of Batch Gutter; Bancroft Py 3. River research locality.

Chitinozoan sample C2/a. Onnia Beds, SO424854. Calcareous blue-grey sandy mudstone, low ledge 120 ft west of cliff; about 100 ft stratigraphically above C4; Bancroft Pc. River research locality.

Chitinozoan sample C2/b. Onnia Beds, SO424854. 45 ft downstream from C2/a and 15 ft stratigraphically higher. River research locality.

Chitinozoan sample C2/c. Onnia Beds, SO424854. 66 ft downstream from C2/a and 22 ft stratigraphically higher. River research locality.

Chitinozoan sample C2/d. Onnia Beds, SO424854. 110 ft downstream from C2/a and 38 ft stratigraphically higher; 15 ft below C1/a. River research locality.

Chitinozoan sample C1/a. Top Onnia Beds, SO425854. Orange- to buff-weathering shaly mudstone; 3 ft above lowest exposed horizon in cliff. Cliff below unconformity.

Chitinozoan sample C1/d. Top Onnia Beds, SO425854. Orange- to buff-weathering shaly mudstone; 5 ft above lowest exposed horizon in cliff. Cliff below unconformity.

Chitinozoan sample C1/b. Top Onnia Beds, SO425854. Orange- to buff-weathering shaly mudstone; 6 ft above lowest exposed horizon in cliff. Cliff below unconformity.

Chitinozoan sample C1/c. Top Onnia Beds, SO425854. Orange- to buff-weathering shaly mudstone; 9 ft above lowest exposed horizon in cliff. Cliff below unconformity.

Chitinozoan sample C1/e. Top Onnia Beds, SO425854. Orange- to buff-weathering shaly mudstone; 15 ft above lowest exposed horizon in cliff. Cliff below unconformity.

Chitinozoan sample C1/f. Top Onnia Beds, SO425854. Orange- to buff-weathering shaly mudstone; 20 ft above lowest exposed horizon in cliff. Cliff below unconformity.

Chitinozoan sample C1/g. Top Onnia Beds, SO425854. Orange- to buff-weathering shaly mudstone; 25 ft above lowest exposed horizon in cliff. Cliff below unconformity.

Chitinozoan sample C1/h. Top Onnia Beds, SO425854. Orange- to buff-weathering shaly mudstone; 30 ft above lowest exposed horizon in cliff. Cliff below unconformity.

Composite columns and the upper-cliff sequence. C8/b–c is one published table column and must not be split into independent occurrences. The grouped C1/a–c and C1/f–h columns have the same restriction. In stratigraphical order, the cliff levels are a at 3 ft, d at 5 ft, b at 6 ft, c at 9 ft, e at 15 ft, f at 20 ft, g at 25 ft and h at 30 ft above the lowest exposed horizon. The unusual a–d–b–c order is printed in the primary account. C8/a has a locality description but no separate Table I column.

Published chitinozoan occurrences. Sphaerochitina actonica: C6. Sphaerochitina vulgaris: no occurrence in the 15 Caradoc columns. Siphonochitina robusta: C11. Siphonochitina clavata: C11. C16 is Ruckley and C14/b is Marsh Wood; C11 is the separate Glenburrell cartway.

Published chitinozoan occurrences. Siphonochitina cf. pellucida: C11. Siphonochitina tenuicollis: no occurrence in the 15 Caradoc columns. Siphonochitina formosa: no occurrence in the 15 Caradoc columns. Rhabdochitina usitata: C11, C4, C2/a, C2/b, C2/c. C16 is Ruckley and C14/b is Marsh Wood; C11 is the separate Glenburrell cartway.

Published chitinozoan occurrences. Rhabdochitina turgida: no occurrence in the 15 Caradoc columns. Rhabdochitina magna: no occurrence in the 15 Caradoc columns. Pterochitina sp.: no occurrence in the 15 Caradoc columns. Lagenochitina capax: C11. C16 is Ruckley and C14/b is Marsh Wood; C11 is the separate Glenburrell cartway.

Published chitinozoan occurrences. Lagenochitina shelvensis: C11. Lagenochitina esthonica: no occurrence in the 15 Caradoc columns. Lagenochitina cylindrica: no occurrence in the 15 Caradoc columns. Lagenochitina baltica: C16, C11, C9, C2/a, C1/a-c, C1/d, C1/f-h. C16 is Ruckley and C14/b is Marsh Wood; C11 is the separate Glenburrell cartway.

Published chitinozoan occurrences. Hoegisphaera complanata: C6. Hercochitina downiei: C2/a, C2/b. Desmochitina minor f. cocca: C11. Desmochitina minor f. typica: C16, C11, C9, C14/b, C6, C2/b, C2/c, C2/d, C1/a-c, C1/d, C1/e, C1/f-h. C16 is Ruckley and C14/b is Marsh Wood; C11 is the separate Glenburrell cartway.

Published chitinozoan occurrences. Desmochitina minor s.l.: C16, C11, C9, C14/b, C6, C2/b, C2/c, C2/d, C1/a-c, C1/d, C1/e, C1/f-h. Cyathochitina kuckersiana: C16, C11, C9, C8/b-c, C14/b, C6, C4, C2/a, C2/b, C2/c, C2/d, C1/a-c, C1/d, C1/e, C1/f-h. Cyathochitina campanulaeformis: no occurrence in the 15 Caradoc columns. Cyathochitina calix: no occurrence in the 15 Caradoc columns. C16 is Ruckley and C14/b is Marsh Wood; C11 is the separate Glenburrell cartway.

Published chitinozoan occurrences. Conochitina elegans: C16, C11, C9, C14/b, C6, C4, C2/a, C2/b, C2/d, C1/a-c, C1/d, C1/e, C1/f-h. Conochitina parviventer: no occurrence in the 15 Caradoc columns. Conochitina chydaea: C16, C11, C1/a-c, C1/d, C1/e, C1/f-h. Conochitina lepida: C11, C2/d, C1/a-c. C16 is Ruckley and C14/b is Marsh Wood; C11 is the separate Glenburrell cartway.

Published chitinozoan occurrences. Angochitina dicranum: C2/c, C2/d. Angochitina communis: C1/a-c, C1/d, C1/e, C1/f-h. Ancyrochitina bulmani: C11. Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C9, C8/b-c, C14/b, C6. C16 is Ruckley and C14/b is Marsh Wood; C11 is the separate Glenburrell cartway.

Published chitinozoan occurrences. Ancyrochitina onniensis: C2/b, C2/c, C2/d, C1/a-c, C1/d, C1/e, C1/f-h. Acanthochitina barbata: C2/d, C1/a-c, C1/d, C1/e, C1/f-h. C16 is Ruckley and C14/b is Marsh Wood; C11 is the separate Glenburrell cartway.

Chitinozoan holotype. Ancyrochitina onniensis, C1/53/1/A, sample C1/a (plate 68, figure 11). The specimen is tied to the sampled river or railway horizon described above.

Chitinozoan holotype. Ancyrochitina alaticornis, C9/61/1/A, sample C9 (plate 69, figure 3). The specimen is tied to the sampled river or railway horizon described above.

Chitinozoan holotype. Angochitina communis, C1/54/1/A, sample C1/a (plate 69, figure 14). The specimen is tied to the sampled river or railway horizon described above.

Chitinozoan holotype. Angochitina dicranum, C2/c/54/3/A, sample C2/c (plate 70, figure 1). The specimen is tied to the sampled river or railway horizon described above.

Chitinozoan holotype. Conochitina lepida, C1/52/1/A, sample C1/a (plate 70, figure 2). The specimen is tied to the sampled river or railway horizon described above.

Chitinozoan holotype. Hercochitina downiei, C2/b/70/2/C, sample C2/b (plate 73, figure 9). The specimen is tied to the sampled river or railway horizon described above.

Chitinozoan holotype. Lagenochitina capax, C11/12/5/A, sample C11 (plate 73, figure 3). The type comes from the Glenburrell cartway, not a demonstrated bed in the old quarry face.

Chitinozoan holotype. Lagenochitina shelvensis, C11/59/1/A, upper test, sample C11 (plate 74, figure 7). The type comes from the Glenburrell cartway, not a demonstrated bed in the old quarry face.

Chitinozoan holotype. Siphonochitina clavata, C11/1/6/A, sample C11 (plate 75, figure 8). The type comes from the Glenburrell cartway, not a demonstrated bed in the old quarry face.

Chitinozoan holotype. Sphaerochitina actonica, C6/54/3/C, sample C6 (plate 75, figure 20). The specimen is tied to the sampled river or railway horizon described above.

Preservation and measured yield. Three weighed preparations of the exceptionally preserved C1/a material gave 156–175 chitinozoans, 5–9 scolecodonts and 24–39 graptolite siculae per gram. These are yields from one sample and its preparations, not fossil densities throughout the valley. Flattening, preserved bases and membranous structures complicate identification; some perforations were discussed cautiously as possible biological damage. Jenkins stated that slides were to be deposited at the University of Sheffield, but that historical statement is not a verified present-day repository audit.

Separate A489 magnetostratigraphy. The section sampled in 2014 for Hounslow and colleagues’ 2021 study is on the A489 at SO42028570–SO42088566, not the abandoned river cliff. About 20 m of lower Cheney Longville beds were exposed, beginning roughly 41 m above the formation base: sandstone, in places with hummocky cross-bedding, alternates with sandy or silty mudstone and an upper limestone. The authors place the interval in the Woolstonian/lower Cheneyan, probably early Katian, using chitinozoan and organic-carbon correlations. They found no Guttenberg excursion in this interval and obtained a positive class-C reversal test supporting a primary magnetic signal. None of those results creates a continuous new bed log for the five trail areas.

A489 research sample register. These measurements belong to the separate Cheney Longville roadside section sampled in 2014. Heights use that study’s local section datum, not a river-trail distance. Each entry gives height in metres, nitrogen and carbon by weight (%), then δ13C of organic carbon in ‰ relative to VPDB. The source’s precision is retained, including values it later regards as probably spurious.

A489 Table S1 samples. CL-33: 18.83 m; N 0.02%, C 0.05%; δ13Corg -28.38‰; CL-31: 17.35 m; N 0.01%, C 0.02%; δ13Corg -26.18‰; CL-28: 15.46 m; N 0.02%, C 0.04%; δ13Corg -26.46‰; CL-26: 13.93 m; N 0.02%, C 0.03%; δ13Corg -26.69‰.

A489 Table S1 samples. CL-23: 12.05 m; N 0.04%, C 0.08%; δ13Corg -26.24‰; CL-22: 11.32 m; N 0.03%, C 0.06%; δ13Corg -26.78‰; CL-20: 10.23 m; N 0.03%, C 0.05%; δ13Corg -26.59‰; CL-19: 9.24 m; N 0.02%, C 0.03%; δ13Corg -25.80‰.

A489 Table S1 samples. CL-16: 6.94 m; N 0.02%, C 0.03%; δ13Corg -26.12‰; CL-15: 6.21 m; N 0.02%, C 0.04%; δ13Corg -26.22‰; CL-11: 4.67 m; N 0.02%, C 0.05%; δ13Corg -26.50‰; CL-8: 3.36 m; N 0.08%, C 0.76%; δ13Corg -26.45‰.

A489 Table S1 samples. CL-6: 2.55 m; N 0.02%, C 0.06%; δ13Corg -26.39‰; CL-5: 2.07 m; N 0.02%, C 0.03%; δ13Corg -26.08‰; CL-3: 0.59 m; N 0.03%, C 0.10%; δ13Corg -29.34‰; CL-1: 0.00 m; N 0.02%, C 0.05%; δ13Corg -26.17‰.

A489 correlation and isotope interpretation. Approximately 291–311 m in the compiled Onny succession; starts about 51% through the roughly 140 m Woolstonian and 36% through the roughly 200 m Cheneyan. Correlated with lower Spinachitina cervicornis Biozone using S. multiradiata, probably upper isotope zone BC5, Baltic Keila and early Katian. Organic carbon broadly −27 to −26 per mille; two values below −28 called probably spurious by authors, retained individually as CL-33 −28.38 and CL-3 −29.34. No Guttenberg excursion identified. These are correlation arguments rather than a new river-trail zonal determination.

A489 magnetic results. Mean natural remanent magnetisation 0.48 mA/m and susceptibility 23 × 10−6 SI; no systematic section trend. About 80% of NRM is a low-stability component interpreted mainly as Brunhes overprint. ChRM polarity detected in 82% of specimens; 59% of those were line fits. Predominantly reversed section with three thin normal magnetozones and two further tentative normal magnetozones. Reversal tests pass, but dip divergence of only 15–25 degrees precludes a fold test.

A489 Fisher mean. Mean declination/inclination 338.7 / −57.7°; k/α95 17.4 / 6.2; Ns/NT/Nl/Np 13 / 68 / 33 / 0. Reversal test: Class C; observed / critical angle 9.5 / 17.8 degrees. Virtual geomagnetic pole longitude/latitude 13.7 / 2.7°; Dp/Dm 6.7 / 9.1°; A95 with minimum/maximum 11.9 (4.2, 15.6)°.

A489 combined great-circle mean. Mean declination/inclination 341.5 / −58.2°; k/α95 12.2 / 4.3; Ns/NT/Nl/Np 34 / 68 / 33 / 19. Reversal test: Class C; observed / critical angle 7.0 / 14.2 degrees. Virtual geomagnetic pole longitude/latitude 11.5 / 2.8°; Dp/Dm 4.7 / 6.4°; A95 with minimum/maximum 7.1 (2.9, 8.9)°. Percentage of samples yielding VGP latitude with absolute value less than 45°: 1.5%.

A489 statistical notation. Ns denotes levels or sites used; NT the total specimens measured; Nl specimens with line fits; Np specimens with great-circle fits. Fisher and combined great-circle results are separate calculations from the research collection, not extra samples. Other sections and cores in the paper remain regional comparison datasets. No unlabelled graphical coordinates or bed contacts are converted into precise local measurements.

Evidence limits. The recovered primary records support the local beds, samples and specimens above, with historical names and uncertainty retained. Hurst’s deposited statistical tables, Owen and Ingham’s SUP14034, and Savage and Bassett’s SUP14024 remain unavailable. The full Cocks 1978 catalogue, revised 2008 catalogue and 2010 taxonomic revision were also not recovered, so no unseen modern synonymies are asserted. Published descriptions and historical coordinates do not constitute a 2026 field inspection or permission to sample protected exposures.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 4 (HEG). Dinorthis flabellulum (J. de C. Sowerby); Dolerorthis ?; Strophomenid indet. Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 24 (CF). Crinoid columnals; Macrocoelia expansa (J. de C. Sowerby); Reuschella horderleyensis Bancroft; Sowerbyella soudleyensis Jones; Broeggerolithus cf. broeggeri (Bancroft); Brongniartella minor subcarinata Dean; Proetidella sp; Tallinnella scripta (Harper). Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 37 (CS). Sowerbyella soudleyensis Jones; Broeggerolithus cf. nicholsoni. Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 39 (CS). Dalmanella horderleyensis (Whittington); Howellites antiquior (McCoy); Sowerbyella soudleyensis Jones; Calymenids indet; Flexicalymene cf. planimarginata (Reed); Kloucekia apiculata (McCoy). Separately located nearby quarry or roadside comparator; not pooled with the river samples. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 41 (CS). Bancroftina typa (Whittington); Dalmanella cf. lepta; Sowerbyella soudleyensis Jones; Brongniartella spp. Separately located nearby quarry or roadside comparator; not pooled with the river samples. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 50 (LCLF). Polyzoans indet; Bancroftina robusta (Bancroft); Heterorthis alternata (J. de C. Sowerby); Kjaerina bipartita (Salter); Sowerbyella sericea (J. de C. Sowerby); Strophomena grandis (J. de C. Sowerby); Trematis punctata (J. de C. Sowerby); Tentaculites spp; Brongniartella spp; Kloucekia apiculata (McCoy). Separately located nearby quarry or roadside comparator; not pooled with the river samples. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 51 (LCLF). Bancroftina spp; Dalmanella spp; Dolerorthis cf. duftonensis; Kjaerina typa Bancroft; Tentaculites spp. Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 52 (LCLF). Heterorthis alternata (J. de C. Sowerby); Sowerbyella sericea (J. de C. Sowerby); Trematis punctata (J. de C. Sowerby). Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 53 (LCLF). Bancroftina robusta (Bancroft); Bancroftina spp; Dalmanella spp; Heterorthis alternata (J. de C. Sowerby); Kjaerina bipartita (Salter); Strophomena grandis (J. de C. Sowerby); Modiolopsisspp; Brongniartella bisulcata (McCoy); Kloucekia apiculata (McCoy). Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 80 (UCLF). Kjerulfina polycyma Bancroft; Onniella spp; Reuschella spp; Strophomena grandis (J. de C. Sowerby); Tentaculites spp; Broeggerolithus spp; Brongniartella spp; Calymenids indet. Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 106 (ASG). Lingula spp. sensu lato; Onniella spp; Sericoidea spp; Ceratotheca ?; Sinuites bilobatus (J. de C. Sowerby); Gastropods indet; Orthocone cephalopod indet; Diplograptids indet. Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 107 (ASG). Hedstroemina cf. robusta; Onniella spp; Sericoidea spp; Sinuites bilobatus (J. de C. Sowerby); Sinuites pseudocompressus Reed; Tropidodiscus acutus (J. de C. Sowerby); Orthocone cephalopod indet. Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 108 (ASG). Onniella cf. aspasia Bancroft; Onniella spp; Sowerbyella spp; Sinuites bilobatus (J. de C. Sowerby); Orthocone cephalopod indet; Lonchodomas pennatus (La Touche); Primitia spp. Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 109 (ASG). Metaconularia vesicularis (Slater); Dolerorthis spp; Leptellina ?; Onniella spp; Reuschella semiglobata Bancroft; Sericoidea spp; Inarticulate brachiopods indet; Archinacella cf. oblongata (Portlock); Sinuites bilobatus (J. de C. Sowerby); Tropidodiscus acutus (J. de C. Sowerby); Gastropods indet; Orthocone cephalopod indet; Ampyxella edgelli (Reed); Calymenids indet; Calyptaulax actonensis Dean; Lonchodomas pennatus (La Touche); Platylichas laxatus (McCoy); Diplograptids indet. Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 110 (ASG). Hedstroeminaspp; Onniella cf. aspasia Bancroft; Onniella spp; Sericoidea spp; Chasmops extensa (Boeck). Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 128 (OS). Onniella broeggeri Bancroft; Sericoidea spp; ‘Strophomena‘ holli Davidson; Orthocone cephalopod indet; Onnia superba (Bancroft); Remopleurella burmeisteri (Bancroft); Triarthrus cf. linnarssoni Thorslund; Climacograptus spp. Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 129 (OS). Onniella broeggeri Bancroft; Sericoidea spp; ‘Strophomena‘ holli Davidson; Sinuitesspp; Onnia superba (Bancroft); Onnicalymene onniensis (Shirley); Primitia spp. Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 130 (OS). Onniella broeggeri Bancroft; Sericoidea spp; Sinuites pseudocompressus Reed; Illaenus cf. fallax Holm; Onnia gracilis (Bancroft); Onnicalymene onniensis (Shirley). Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Greig appendix fauna, locality 131 (OS). Onniella broeggeri Bancroft; Sinuitesspp; Onnia ? cobboldi (Bancroft); Diplograptus spp. Each occurrence is tied only to this Survey locality. Historical names, uncertain identifications and open genus records retain the original source meaning; collection-suite ranges do not assign these taxa to individual accession numbers.

Complete Jenkins figured-voucher register. The eight plates contain 71 C-prefixed illustration occurrences with 68 distinct printed codes. Of these, 69 occurrences come from the Onny river/railway area or adjacent Glenburrell cartway; two off-trail comparators are kept out of the local register. Ten holotype occurrences are included within the register, overlapping the type accounts above rather than adding ten new objects. Repeated illustrations of the same code remain separate figure records and are not abundance counts. Other illustrated specimens are not described as paratypes without an explicit designation. Magnifications refer to the original printed plates.

Acanthochitina barbata: C1/51/2/Z. Plate 68, figure 1, ×190; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Short example with strongly developed ornament and scarcely distinguishable neck.

Acanthochitina barbata: C1/51/2/A. Plate 68, figure 2, ×190; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Typical example.

Acanthochitina barbata: C1/51/2/F. Plate 68, figure 3, ×400; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Aboral polar view of isolated base; strongly developed processes on basal margin.

Acanthochitina barbata: C1/51/2/B. Plate 68, figure 4, ×190; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Acanthochitina barbata: C1/51/2/D. Plate 68, figure 5, ×190; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Acanthochitina barbata: C1/51/2/L. Plate 68, figure 6, ×625; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Ornamental elements.

Acanthochitina barbata: C1/51/2/V. Plate 68, figure 7, ×280; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Ornamental elements.

Acanthochitina barbata: C1/51/2/J. Plate 68, figure 8, ×370; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Oral end of oral tube; reticulum openings arranged roughly in rows parallel with transverse axis.

Acanthochitina barbata: C1/51/2/U. Plate 68, figure 9, ×275; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Aboral end with particularly strongly developed ornamental elements.

Ancyrochitina onniensis: C1/53/1/C. Plate 68, figure 10, ×400; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Ancyrochitina onniensis: C1/53/1/A. Plate 68, figure 11, ×400; holotype; sample C1/a explicitly specified in systematic account. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Ancyrochitina onniensis: C1/53/1/R. Plate 69, figure 1, ×400; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Ancyrochitina onniensis: C1/53/1/B. Plate 69, figure 2, ×400; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C9/61/1/A. Plate 69, figure 3, ×300; holotype. Old railway cutting south of New House; Alternata Limestone.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C9/61/1/B. Plate 69, figure 4, ×300; not designated as type in this source. Old railway cutting south of New House; Alternata Limestone.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C6/61/1/K. Plate 69, figure 5, ×300; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Oblique lateral view of aboral end showing arrangement of appendices.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C6/61/1/X. Plate 69, figure 6, ×415; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Oblique aboral polar view of isolated base showing arrangement of appendices.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C6/61/1/Z. Plate 69, figure 7, ×275; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Polar view of isolated base; three appendices each join basal margin at two points.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C6/61/1/D. Plate 69, figure 8, ×830; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Isolated appendix illustrating morphological variation; repeated code retained exactly as printed.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C6/61/1/H. Plate 69, figure 9, ×625; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Isolated appendix illustrating morphological variation.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C6/61/1/I. Plate 69, figure 10, ×625; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Isolated appendix illustrating morphological variation.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C6/61/1/J. Plate 69, figure 11, ×625; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Isolated appendix illustrating morphological variation.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C6/61/1/D. Plate 69, figure 12, ×830; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Isolated appendix illustrating morphological variation; repeated code retained exactly as printed.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: C6/61/1/D. Plate 69, figure 13, ×830; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Isolated appendix illustrating morphological variation; repeated code retained exactly as printed.

Angochitina communis: C1/54/1/A. Plate 69, figure 14, ×360; holotype; sample C1/a explicitly specified in systematic account. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Angochitina communis: C1/54/1/C. Plate 69, figure 15, ×360; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Angochitina communis: C1/54/1/B. Plate 69, figure 16, ×360; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Angochitina communis: C1/54/1/D. Plate 69, figure 17, ×360; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Angochitina dicranum: C2/c/54/3/A. Plate 70, figure 1, ×415; holotype. River Onny; C2/c low-ledge succession.

Conochitina lepida: C1/52/1/A. Plate 70, figure 2, ×230; holotype; sample C1/a explicitly specified in systematic account. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Conochitina lepida: C1/52/1/B. Plate 70, figure 3, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Conochitina elegans: C9/17/2/C. Plate 71, figure 1, ×190; not designated as type in this source. Old railway cutting south of New House; Alternata Limestone. Short cylindrical example.

Conochitina elegans: C9/17/2/A. Plate 71, figure 2, ×190; not designated as type in this source. Old railway cutting south of New House; Alternata Limestone. Slightly tapering conical example.

Conochitina elegans: C9/17/2/B. Plate 71, figure 3, ×190; not designated as type in this source. Old railway cutting south of New House; Alternata Limestone.

Desmochitina minor f. cocca: C11/45/1/F. Plate 71, figure 12, ×230; not designated as type in this source. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face.

Desmochitina minor f. cocca: C11/45/1/G. Plate 71, figure 13, ×230; not designated as type in this source. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face.

Desmochitina minor f. typica: C9/45/1/B. Plate 71, figure 15, ×230; not designated as type in this source. Old railway cutting south of New House; Alternata Limestone.

Desmochitina minor f. typica: C1/45/1/D. Plate 71, figure 18, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Desmochitina minor f. cocca: C11/45/1/A. Plate 72, figure 1, ×230; not designated as type in this source. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face. Plate shows three connected tests; caption does not count them.

Desmochitina minor: C11/45/4/D. Plate 72, figure 2, ×90; not designated as type in this source. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face. Agglomeration of approximately eighty tests; one figure occurrence, not eighty separately catalogued vouchers.

Cyathochitina kuckersiana: C1/10/14/A. Plate 72, figure 3, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Cyathochitina kuckersiana: C1/10/14/B. Plate 72, figure 4, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Translucent membranous carina of about average width for British examples.

Cyathochitina kuckersiana: C1/10/14/X. Plate 72, figure 5, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here.

Cyathochitina kuckersiana: C1/10/14/Zi. Plate 72, figure 6, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Aboral polar view of isolated base; wide translucent carina with faint concentric striations; darker radial and oblique lines caused by membrane folding.

Cyathochitina kuckersiana: C1/10/14/Zii. Plate 72, figure 7, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Aboral polar view of isolated base; wide translucent carina with faint concentric striations; darker radial and oblique lines caused by membrane folding.

Cyathochitina kuckersiana: C1/10/14/U. Plate 72, figure 8, ×570; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Circular holes, possibly caused by fungal attack; possibility, not a confirmed identification.

Cyathochitina kuckersiana: C1/10/14/V. Plate 72, figure 9, ×540; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Three holes immediately above basal margin; base and carina missing.

Cyathochitina kuckersiana: C1/10/14/W. Plate 73, figure 1, ×415; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Aboral polar view of isolated base with numerous circular holes.

Lagenochitina capax: C11/12/5/B. Plate 73, figure 2, ×230; not designated as type in this source. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face.

Lagenochitina capax: C11/12/5/A. Plate 73, figure 3, ×230; holotype. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face.

Hoegisphaera complanata: C6/65/1/D. Plate 73, figure 4, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Oral polar view.

Hoegisphaera complanata: C6/65/1/G. Plate 73, figure 5, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Oral polar view clearly showing aperture; deliberately crushed between slide and coverslip in very viscous Canada balsam.

Lagenochitina baltica: C11/12/3/A. Plate 73, figure 6, ×230; not designated as type in this source. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face. Slender-necked example.

Lagenochitina baltica: C1/12/3/A. Plate 73, figure 7, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny cliff section; C1/a–h sample series, exact subsample not encoded here. Less common wide-necked form. Primary enlarged caption reads C1, not C7.

Hercochitina downiei: C2/b/70/4/C. Plate 73, figure 8, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny; C2/b low-ledge succession. Rows of ornamental elements against translucent oral test wall.

Hercochitina downiei: C2/b/70/2/C. Plate 73, figure 9, ×230; holotype. River Onny; C2/b low-ledge succession.

Hercochitina downiei: C2/b/70/4/B. Plate 73, figure 10, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny; C2/b low-ledge succession.

Hercochitina downiei: C2/b/70/4/T. Plate 73, figure 11, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny; C2/b low-ledge succession. Same printed code as figure 12.

Hercochitina downiei: C2/b/70/4/T. Plate 73, figure 12, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny; C2/b low-ledge succession. Phase-contrast photograph of same printed code as figure 11, to show ornament more clearly; assistance of Dr L. R. Wilson acknowledged in caption.

Lagenochitina shelvensis: C11/59/1/A. Plate 74, figure 7, ×80; upper test only is holotype; lower test not designated as type. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face. Chain of two tests. Only upper test designated holotype.

Lagenochitina shelvensis: C11/59/2/A. Plate 74, figure 8, ×80; not designated as type in this source. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face. Specimen broken into two during mounting; parts photographed separately.

Siphonochitina clavata: C11/1/6/A. Plate 75, figure 8, ×230; holotype. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face.

Siphonochitina cf. pellucida: C11/1/7/C. Plate 75, figure 9, ×230; not designated as type in this source. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face.

Siphonochitina cf. pellucida: C11/1/7/A. Plate 75, figure 10, ×230; not designated as type in this source. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face. Cylindrical siphon.

Siphonochitina cf. pellucida: C11/1/7/D. Plate 75, figure 11, ×230; not designated as type in this source. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face. Systematic account describes short, strongly flaring siphon in this figure.

Siphonochitina clavata: C11/1/6/D. Plate 75, figure 13, ×230; not designated as type in this source. Glenburrell basal mudstones in cartway; adjacent, not demonstrated to be old quarry face.

Sphaerochitina actonica: C6/54/3/C. Plate 75, figure 20, ×230; holotype. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds.

Sphaerochitina actonica: C6/54/3/A. Plate 75, figure 23, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds.

Sphaerochitina actonica: C6/54/3/F. Plate 75, figure 24, ×230; not designated as type in this source. River Onny above Jack Slither; basal Acton Scott Beds. Single photograph; upper part of oral tube broken away from remainder of test.

Greig Silurian appendix fauna, locality 4. Atrypa reticularis (Linné). These records belong to the separately numbered Silurian locality at SO 4257 8534, whose collection suite is CG 238; they are not the Ordovician quarry locality 4. The list prints HuS for the Hughley Shales, although the introductory abbreviation key reads Huy. Historical determinations are retained without assigning individual fossils to an accession.

Complete Hurst figured-view register. The following 132 illustration records comprise 113 exact-locality views, 16 Christiania views allocated only to the locality 50/51 set, two broadly located Onny Valley cranidia and one possibly Onny Ampyxella. These scope categories remain distinct. Repeated views, external/internal mould counterparts and records overlapping earlier type accounts are not additional biological specimens. Type status is reported only as explicitly stated, and historical synonymies do not erase the type identity of an older name. Magnifications refer to the published figures.

Remopleurella burmeisteri: In.51184. Figure 32, ×3; internal mould of cranidium. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 51. Source grid reference 4258 8536. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Caption printed page 216; illustrated page 217.

Lonchodomas pennatus: In.37622. Figure 34, ×2.1; internal mould of cranidium. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 51. Source grid reference 4258 8536. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Caption printed page 216; illustrated page 217.

Calyptaulax actonensis: In.49773. Figure 35, ×2.5; cranidial plaster cast. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Onny Valley, Wistanstow Member. Caption printed page 216; illustrated page 217.

Onnia superba: In.14674. Figure 36, ×2; internal mould of cranidium. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 51. Source grid reference 4258 8536. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Caption printed page 216; illustrated page 217.

Onnia cobboldi: In.50697. Figure 37, ×2; partially exfoliated cranidium. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Caption printed page 216; illustrated page 217.

Ampyxella edgelli: In.48562. Figure 38, ×2; internal mould of cranidium. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: possibly same locality as fig.32 (loc.51). Source explicitly says locality possibly the same as fig.32. Not secure exact-locality evidence. Caption printed page 216; illustrated page 217.

Flexicalymene (Onnicalymene) laticeps: In.50721. Figure 40, ×2.4; cranidium. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Onny Valley, Wistanstow Member. Caption printed page 216; illustrated page 217.

Lingulella sp.: B 24201. Figure 49, ×3.8; exfoliated brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 51. Source grid reference 4258 8536. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection G. H. Morton. Caption printed page 222; illustrated page 222.

Lingulella sp.: BB 72249. Figure 50, ×4; exfoliated brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Caption identifies code; systematic text attributes small recovered brachial valves to loc.50 and separately B 24201 to loc.51; assignment of BB 72249 is contextual. Caption printed page 222; illustrated page 222.

Paterula cf. subcircularis Cooper: BB 72258. Figure 57, ×12.5; pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. All specimens explicitly basal Onny Shale Formation loc.49. cf. is retained; not a new species. Caption printed page 224; illustrated page 224.

Paterula cf. subcircularis Cooper: BB 72259. Figure 58, ×10.5; brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. All specimens explicitly basal Onny Shale Formation loc.49. cf. is retained; not a new species. Caption printed page 224; illustrated page 224.

Paterula cf. subcircularis Cooper: BB 72257. Figure 59, ×12; pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. All specimens explicitly basal Onny Shale Formation loc.49. cf. is retained; not a new species. Caption printed page 224; illustrated page 224.

Paterula cf. subcircularis Cooper: BB 72260. Figure 60, ×13; brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. All specimens explicitly basal Onny Shale Formation loc.49. cf. is retained; not a new species. Caption printed page 224; illustrated page 224.

Schizocrania hewardi sp. nov.: BB 72271. Figure 78, ×75; brachial valve half-oblique view. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 51. Source grid reference 4258 8536. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Stereoscan photomicrographs; magnifications approximate. Repeated views retained. BB 72270 is listed in material dimensions but not figured in these captions. No paratype label inferred. Caption printed page 230; illustrated page 231.

Schizocrania hewardi sp. nov.: BB 72268. Figure 79, ×75; brachial valve above. holotype. Provenance: Hurst locality 51. Source grid reference 4258 8536. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Stereoscan photomicrographs; magnifications approximate. Repeated views retained. BB 72270 is listed in material dimensions but not figured in these captions. No paratype label inferred. Caption printed page 230; illustrated page 231.

Schizocrania hewardi sp. nov.: BB 72271. Figure 80, ×100; brachial valve side view. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 51. Source grid reference 4258 8536. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Stereoscan photomicrographs; magnifications approximate. Repeated views retained. BB 72270 is listed in material dimensions but not figured in these captions. No paratype label inferred. Caption printed page 230; illustrated page 231.

Schizocrania hewardi sp. nov.: BB 72268. Figure 81, ×75; brachial valve oblique view. holotype. Provenance: Hurst locality 51. Source grid reference 4258 8536. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Stereoscan photomicrographs; magnifications approximate. Repeated views retained. BB 72270 is listed in material dimensions but not figured in these captions. No paratype label inferred. Caption printed page 230; illustrated page 231.

Schizocrania hewardi sp. nov.: BB 72269. Figure 82, ×100; partly exfoliated brachial valve above. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 51. Source grid reference 4258 8536. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Stereoscan photomicrographs; magnifications approximate. Repeated views retained. BB 72270 is listed in material dimensions but not figured in these captions. No paratype label inferred. Caption printed page 230; illustrated page 231.

Schizocrania hewardi sp. nov.: BB 72271. Figure 83, ×400; ornament enlargement. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 51. Source grid reference 4258 8536. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Stereoscan photomicrographs; magnifications approximate. Repeated views retained. BB 72270 is listed in material dimensions but not figured in these captions. No paratype label inferred. Caption printed page 230; illustrated page 231.

Orbiculoidea sp.: BB 24948. Figure 89, ×3.3; partially exfoliated brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality Batch Gutter, SO 4245 8538. Acton Scott Formation; specifically located on river corridor, not O. ovata type material. Caption printed page 232; illustrated page 232.

Schizotreta sp. 1: BB 24950. Figure 92, ×8.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 51. Source grid reference 4258 8536. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Only representative reported; source keeps separate from Schizotreta sp.2. Caption printed page 232; illustrated page 232.

Dolerorthis virgata (J. de C. Sowerby): BB 72395a. Figure 93, ×1.6; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. Collection O18. Caption printed page 234; illustrated page 235.

Dolerorthis virgata (J. de C. Sowerby): BB 72396. Figure 94, ×2.6; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. Collection O18. Caption printed page 234; illustrated page 235.

Dolerorthis virgata (J. de C. Sowerby): BB 72399. Figure 97, ×1.2; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. Collection O19. Caption printed page 234; illustrated page 235.

Dolerorthis virgata (J. de C. Sowerby): BB 72397. Figure 100, ×1.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. Collection O112. Caption printed page 234; illustrated page 235.

Dolerorthis virgata (J. de C. Sowerby): BB 72405. Figure 101, ×2; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 40. Source grid reference 4248 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O103. Caption printed page 234; illustrated page 235.

Dolerorthis virgata (J. de C. Sowerby): BB 72395b. Figure 102, ×2.5; external mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. Collection O18. Caption printed page 234; illustrated page 235.

Dolerorthis virgata (J. de C. Sowerby): BB 72400. Figure 104, ×2; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. Collection O19. Caption printed page 234; illustrated page 235.

Dolerorthis virgata (J. de C. Sowerby): BB 72398. Figure 105, ×2; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. Collection O112. Caption printed page 234; illustrated page 235.

Dalmanella multiplicata (Bancroft) prima subsp. nov.: BB 72301b. Figure 186, ×4.8; external mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 3. Source grid reference 4182 8569. Historical unit: Alternata Limestone Formation. Collection O60. Material explicitly loc.3 colln O60; discussion p248 prints loc.63, inconsistent with locality list ending at51. Do not silently correct source or label other material paratypes. Caption says internal and external moulds collectively; individual internal/external assignment follows actual figure appearance and a/b counterpart usage. Caption printed page 244; illustrated page 245.

Dalmanella multiplicata (Bancroft) prima subsp. nov.: BB 72301a. Figure 187, ×3.8; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 3. Source grid reference 4182 8569. Historical unit: Alternata Limestone Formation. Collection O60. Material explicitly loc.3 colln O60; discussion p248 prints loc.63, inconsistent with locality list ending at51. Do not silently correct source or label other material paratypes. Caption says internal and external moulds collectively; individual internal/external assignment follows actual figure appearance and a/b counterpart usage. Caption printed page 244; illustrated page 245.

Dalmanella multiplicata (Bancroft) prima subsp. nov.: BB 72300. Figure 188, ×4.3; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 3. Source grid reference 4182 8569. Historical unit: Alternata Limestone Formation. Collection O60. Material explicitly loc.3 colln O60; discussion p248 prints loc.63, inconsistent with locality list ending at51. Do not silently correct source or label other material paratypes. Caption printed page 244; illustrated page 245.

Dalmanella multiplicata (Bancroft) prima subsp. nov.: BB 72299. Figure 189, ×4.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 3. Source grid reference 4182 8569. Historical unit: Alternata Limestone Formation. Collection O60. Material explicitly loc.3 colln O60; discussion p248 prints loc.63, inconsistent with locality list ending at51. Do not silently correct source or label other material paratypes. Caption printed page 244; illustrated page 245.

Dalmanella multiplicata (Bancroft) prima subsp. nov.: BB 72298. Figure 190, ×4.8; internal mould of pedicle valve. holotype. Provenance: Hurst locality 3. Source grid reference 4182 8569. Historical unit: Alternata Limestone Formation. Collection O60. Material explicitly loc.3 colln O60; discussion p248 prints loc.63, inconsistent with locality list ending at51. Do not silently correct source or label other material paratypes. Caption printed page 244; illustrated page 245.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): BB 24172. Figure 251, ×2.5; internal mould of brachial valve. lectotype, selected Cocks 1978. Provenance: Hurst locality 39. Source grid reference 4241 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. C. cyclica treated by Hurst as synonym of C. paracyclica; historical type status retained separately. Caption printed page 254; illustrated page 255.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): BB 73564. Figure 253, ×2.4; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 39. Source grid reference 4241 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. C. cyclica treated by Hurst as synonym of C. paracyclica; historical type status retained separately. Caption printed page 254; illustrated page 255.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): BB 24184. Figure 254, ×1.7; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 39. Source grid reference 4241 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. C. cyclica treated by Hurst as synonym of C. paracyclica; historical type status retained separately. Caption printed page 254; illustrated page 255.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): BB 24180. Figure 255, ×1.6; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 39. Source grid reference 4241 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. C. cyclica treated by Hurst as synonym of C. paracyclica; historical type status retained separately. Caption printed page 254; illustrated page 255.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): BB 72498. Figure 257, ×2; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 39. Source grid reference 4241 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. C. cyclica treated by Hurst as synonym of C. paracyclica; historical type status retained separately. Caption printed page 254; illustrated page 255.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): BB 72500. Figure 258, ×2.5; external surface of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 39. Source grid reference 4241 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. C. cyclica treated by Hurst as synonym of C. paracyclica; historical type status retained separately. Caption printed page 254; illustrated page 255.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): BB 24218. Figure 259, ×2.5; external surface of pedicle valve. lectotype of synonymized C. cyclica. Provenance: Hurst locality 39. Source grid reference 4241 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. C. cyclica treated by Hurst as synonym of C. paracyclica; historical type status retained separately. Caption printed page 254; illustrated page 255.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): BB 24220. Figure 260, ×2; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 39. Source grid reference 4241 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. C. cyclica treated by Hurst as synonym of C. paracyclica; historical type status retained separately. Caption printed page 254; illustrated page 255.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): BB 24221. Figure 261, ×2; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 39. Source grid reference 4241 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. C. cyclica treated by Hurst as synonym of C. paracyclica; historical type status retained separately. Caption printed page 254; illustrated page 255.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): BB 24216. Figure 263, ×2; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 39. Source grid reference 4241 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. C. cyclica treated by Hurst as synonym of C. paracyclica; historical type status retained separately. Caption printed page 254; illustrated page 255.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): BB 24222. Figure 264, ×1.1; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 39. Source grid reference 4241 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. C. cyclica treated by Hurst as synonym of C. paracyclica; historical type status retained separately. Caption printed page 254; illustrated page 255.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 10254. Figure 294, ×1.5; conjoined valves, brachial view. lectotype of synonymized O. sinuata. Provenance: Hurst locality 40. Source grid reference 4248 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Caption printed page 256; illustrated page 257.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 10254. Figure 295, ×1.5; conjoined valves, pedicle view. lectotype of synonymized O. sinuata. Provenance: Hurst locality 40. Source grid reference 4248 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Caption printed page 256; illustrated page 257.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 10251. Figure 296, ×1.5; conjoined valves, brachial view. lectotype, selected Cocks 1978. Provenance: Hurst locality 37. Source grid reference 4238 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O24 for BB 72433-35. Caption printed page 256; illustrated page 257.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 10251. Figure 297, ×1.5; conjoined valves, pedicle view. lectotype, selected Cocks 1978. Provenance: Hurst locality 37. Source grid reference 4238 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O24 for BB 72433-35. Caption printed page 256; illustrated page 257.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72435. Figure 298, ×4; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 37. Source grid reference 4238 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O24 for BB 72433-35. Caption printed page 256; illustrated page 257.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72434. Figure 300, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 37. Source grid reference 4238 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O24 for BB 72433-35. Caption printed page 256; illustrated page 257.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72444. Figure 301, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O105. Caption printed page 256; illustrated page 257.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72433. Figure 302, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 37. Source grid reference 4238 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O24 for BB 72433-35. Caption printed page 256; illustrated page 257.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72443. Figure 304, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O105. Caption printed page 256; illustrated page 257.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72441. Figure 305, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O105. Caption printed page 256; illustrated page 257.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72442. Figure 306, ×2.5; brachial-valve mould. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O105. Caption collectively internal and external moulds; subtype not assigned. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72438. Figure 307, ×2.5; brachial-valve mould. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 37. Source grid reference 4238 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O24. Caption collectively describes internal and external moulds of brachial valves; individual subtype not stated. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72440. Figure 309, ×3; brachial-valve mould. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O105. Caption collectively internal and external moulds; subtype not assigned. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72446. Figure 310, ×3; brachial-valve mould. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O104. Caption collectively internal and external moulds; subtype not assigned. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72436. Figure 312, ×2.5; brachial-valve mould. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 37. Source grid reference 4238 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O24. Caption collectively describes internal and external moulds of brachial valves; individual subtype not stated. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72439. Figure 313, ×2.5; brachial-valve mould. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O105. Caption collectively internal and external moulds; subtype not assigned. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72445. Figure 314, ×2.5; brachial-valve mould. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O104. Caption collectively internal and external moulds; subtype not assigned. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: BB 72437. Figure 315, ×2.5; brachial-valve mould. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 37. Source grid reference 4238 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O24. Caption collectively describes internal and external moulds of brachial valves; individual subtype not stated. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 24077. Figure 316, ×2.5; conjoined valves, pedicle view. lectotype, selected Cocks 1978. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O35 for new material. The synonymy includes the historical spelling Onniella bröggeri; Hurst’s heading and captions use broeggeri. Not a current-taxonomy determination. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 24077. Figure 317, ×2.5; conjoined valves, brachial view. lectotype, selected Cocks 1978. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O35 for new material. The synonymy includes the historical spelling Onniella bröggeri; Hurst’s heading and captions use broeggeri. Not a current-taxonomy determination. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 10259. Figure 318, ×1.5; conjoined valves, pedicle view. lectotype of synonymized O. inconstans. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O98 for new material. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 10259. Figure 319, ×1.5; conjoined valves, brachial view. lectotype of synonymized O. inconstans. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O98 for new material. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72458. Figure 320, ×5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O35 for new material. The synonymy includes the historical spelling Onniella bröggeri; Hurst’s heading and captions use broeggeri. Not a current-taxonomy determination. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72457. Figure 321, ×2.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O35 for new material. The synonymy includes the historical spelling Onniella bröggeri; Hurst’s heading and captions use broeggeri. Not a current-taxonomy determination. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72448. Figure 322, ×2.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O98 for new material. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72456. Figure 323, ×2.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O35 for new material. The synonymy includes the historical spelling Onniella bröggeri; Hurst’s heading and captions use broeggeri. Not a current-taxonomy determination. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72455. Figure 324, ×3; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O35 for new material. The synonymy includes the historical spelling Onniella bröggeri; Hurst’s heading and captions use broeggeri. Not a current-taxonomy determination. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72450. Figure 325, ×2.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O98 for new material. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72447. Figure 326, ×2.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O98 for new material. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72449. Figure 327, ×2.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O98 for new material. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72459. Figure 328, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O35 for new material. The synonymy includes the historical spelling Onniella bröggeri; Hurst’s heading and captions use broeggeri. Not a current-taxonomy determination. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72463. Figure 329, ×4; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O35 for new material. The synonymy includes the historical spelling Onniella bröggeri; Hurst’s heading and captions use broeggeri. Not a current-taxonomy determination. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72462. Figure 330, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O35 for new material. The synonymy includes the historical spelling Onniella bröggeri; Hurst’s heading and captions use broeggeri. Not a current-taxonomy determination. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72454. Figure 331, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O98 for new material. Caption printed page 258; illustrated page 259.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72451. Figure 332, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O98. Caption printed page 262; illustrated page 263.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72452. Figure 333, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O98. Caption printed page 262; illustrated page 263.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72453. Figure 334, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 49. Source grid reference 4254 8538. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O98. Caption printed page 262; illustrated page 263.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: BB 72460. Figure 335, ×2.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O35. Caption printed page 262; illustrated page 263.

Eoplectodonta cf. rhombica (M’Coy): BB 72519. Figure 404, ×2; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O104. Caption repeats BB 72519 for figs404 and411; preserved without correction. Source heading retains cf. Caption printed page 275; illustrated page 275.

Eoplectodonta cf. rhombica (M’Coy): BB 72518. Figure 405, ×1.8; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O104. Caption repeats BB 72519 for figs404 and411; preserved without correction. Source heading retains cf. Caption printed page 275; illustrated page 275.

Eoplectodonta cf. rhombica (M’Coy): BB 72522. Figure 406, ×1.8; external mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O104. Caption repeats BB 72519 for figs404 and411; preserved without correction. Source heading retains cf. Caption printed page 275; illustrated page 275.

Eoplectodonta cf. rhombica (M’Coy): BB 72521. Figure 409, ×1.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O104. Caption repeats BB 72519 for figs404 and411; preserved without correction. Source heading retains cf. Caption printed page 275; illustrated page 275.

Eoplectodonta cf. rhombica (M’Coy): BB 72520. Figure 410, ×2; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O104. Caption repeats BB 72519 for figs404 and411; preserved without correction. Source heading retains cf. Caption printed page 275; illustrated page 275.

Eoplectodonta cf. rhombica (M’Coy): BB 72519. Figure 411, ×1.4; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 41. Source grid reference 4249 8538. Historical unit: Acton Scott Formation. Collection O104. Caption repeats BB 72519 for figs404 and411; preserved without correction. Source heading retains cf. Caption printed page 275; illustrated page 275.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73581. Figure 445, ×9; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73582. Figure 446, ×12.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73578. Figure 447, ×11; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73580. Figure 448, ×11; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73579. Figure 449, ×10.7; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73585 (probable reading). Figure 450, ×11.4; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Figure 450’s final specimen-code digit is physically obscured in the scan; BB 73585 is a probable, context-supported reading from page 281 and the series, not a fully legible caption transcription. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73584. Figure 451, ×13; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73586. Figure 452, ×11.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73583. Figure 453, ×10.7; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73587. Figure 454, ×11; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73589. Figure 455, ×11.8; external mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: BB 73588. Figure 456, ×11.7; external mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 50. Source grid reference 4257 8537. Historical unit: Onny Shale Formation. Collection O36. Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea separately pending further study; possible synonymy is not an enacted synonymy. Caption printed page 278; illustrated page 279.

Kjaerina typa Bancroft: BB 73626. Figure 477, ×11.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. BB73626-28,73641-43 from O110; BB73638 O22; BB73639-40 O113. Hurst synonymizes K. geniculata with K. typa. Ontogenetic series documented; roadside geniculata type locality10 remains distinct. Caption printed page 284; illustrated page 285.

Kjaerina typa Bancroft: BB 73627. Figure 478, ×9.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. BB73626-28,73641-43 from O110; BB73638 O22; BB73639-40 O113. Hurst synonymizes K. geniculata with K. typa. Ontogenetic series documented; roadside geniculata type locality10 remains distinct. Caption printed page 284; illustrated page 285.

Kjaerina typa Bancroft: BB 14383. Figure 479, ×1.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. lectotype, selected Cocks 1978. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. BB73626-28,73641-43 from O110; BB73638 O22; BB73639-40 O113. Hurst synonymizes K. geniculata with K. typa. Ontogenetic series documented; roadside geniculata type locality10 remains distinct. Caption printed page 284; illustrated page 285.

Kjaerina typa Bancroft: BB 73628. Figure 481, ×3.1; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. BB73626-28,73641-43 from O110; BB73638 O22; BB73639-40 O113. Hurst synonymizes K. geniculata with K. typa. Ontogenetic series documented; roadside geniculata type locality10 remains distinct. Caption printed page 284; illustrated page 285.

Kjaerina typa Bancroft: BB 73639. Figure 487, ×1; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. BB73626-28,73641-43 from O110; BB73638 O22; BB73639-40 O113. Hurst synonymizes K. geniculata with K. typa. Ontogenetic series documented; roadside geniculata type locality10 remains distinct. Caption printed page 284; illustrated page 285.

Kjaerina typa Bancroft: BB 73640. Figure 491, ×1.2; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. BB73626-28,73641-43 from O110; BB73638 O22; BB73639-40 O113. Hurst synonymizes K. geniculata with K. typa. Ontogenetic series documented; roadside geniculata type locality10 remains distinct. Caption printed page 284; illustrated page 285.

Kjaerina typa Bancroft: BB 73638. Figure 492, ×1.2; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. BB73626-28,73641-43 from O110; BB73638 O22; BB73639-40 O113. Hurst synonymizes K. geniculata with K. typa. Ontogenetic series documented; roadside geniculata type locality10 remains distinct. Caption printed page 284; illustrated page 285.

Kjaerina typa Bancroft: BB 73641. Figure 495, ×10.8; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. BB73626-28,73641-43 from O110; BB73638 O22; BB73639-40 O113. Hurst synonymizes K. geniculata with K. typa. Ontogenetic series documented; roadside geniculata type locality10 remains distinct. Caption printed page 284; illustrated page 285.

Kjaerina typa Bancroft: BB 73642. Figure 497, ×1.7; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. BB73626-28,73641-43 from O110; BB73638 O22; BB73639-40 O113. Hurst synonymizes K. geniculata with K. typa. Ontogenetic series documented; roadside geniculata type locality10 remains distinct. Caption printed page 284; illustrated page 285.

Kjaerina typa Bancroft: BB 73643. Figure 498, ×4; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 12. Source grid reference 4207 8546. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Glynboro Member. BB73626-28,73641-43 from O110; BB73638 O22; BB73639-40 O113. Hurst synonymizes K. geniculata with K. typa. Ontogenetic series documented; roadside geniculata type locality10 remains distinct. Caption printed page 284; illustrated page 285.

Kjerulfina trigonalis Bancroft: BB 72540a. Figure 528, ×1.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 20. Source grid reference 4215 8548. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Crosspipes Member. Collection O81. Caption printed page 292; illustrated page 293.

Kjerulfina trigonalis Bancroft: BB 72540b. Figure 529, ×1.4; external mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 20. Source grid reference 4215 8548. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Crosspipes Member. Collection O81. Caption printed page 292; illustrated page 293.

Kjerulfina trigonalis Bancroft: BB 72543. Figure 534, ×1.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 20. Source grid reference 4215 8548. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Crosspipes Member. Collection O81. Caption printed page 292; illustrated page 293.

Kjerulfina trigonalis Bancroft: BB 73913. Figure 535, ×1.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 20. Source grid reference 4215 8548. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Crosspipes Member. Collection Bancroft. Caption printed page 292; illustrated page 293.

Kjerulfina trigonalis Bancroft: BB 73914. Figure 538, ×1.3; external mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality 20. Source grid reference 4215 8548. Historical unit: Cheney Longville Formation / Crosspipes Member. Collection Bancroft. Caption printed page 292; illustrated page 293.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73612. Figure 542, ×8.4; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73613. Figure 543, ×10; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73616. Figure 544, ×8.3; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73614. Figure 545, ×8.5; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73610. Figure 546, ×9; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73615. Figure 547, ×8; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73622. Figure 548, ×8.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73611. Figure 549, ×9; internal mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73619. Figure 550, ×10; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73620. Figure 551, ×11.6; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73623. Figure 552, ×13.8; external mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73625. Figure 553, ×9; external mould of pedicle valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73624. Figure 554, ×8.3; external mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73618. Figure 555, ×9.5; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73617. Figure 556, ×9; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): BB 73621. Figure 557, ×9.2; internal mould of brachial valve. not designated as type in cited passage. Provenance: Hurst locality set 50/51 only; no individual allocation. Source records species at locs50 and51 but does not individually allocate figured BB specimens. Davidson type specimens on small Morris-collected block from loc51 are a separate statement: do not infer these BB specimens are types. Caption printed page 295; illustrated page 295.

Separately documented unfigured material. Schizocrania hewardi sp. nov.: BB 72270. BB 72270 is an exterior of a brachial valve, 1.1 mm long and 1.2 mm wide, from Hurst locality 51; no individual type status is stated and no paratype status is inferred. Printed page 229.

Separately documented unfigured material. Christiania hollii (Davidson): Hurst states that Davidson’s type specimens are on a small Morris-collected block from locality 51, without a specimen code in that passage. This type block is separate from the figured BB 73610–25 series, which must not be promoted to types. Printed page 294.

The naming date of Onnia superba creta. Owen and Ingham’s final note on printed page 855 treats the name Onnia cobboldi creta in their 1983 abstract as a nomen nudum. Their 1988 paper formally establishes Onnia superba creta; the abstract is not its valid naming publication.

Owen and Ingham Figure 8: pooled gracilis morph comparisons. Seven paired comparisons separate specimens without I4 from those with I4. Sample sizes, respectively absent/present, are: I3 pits 10/33; I2 pits 13/34; In pits 18/43; I1 pits 14/30; E1 pits 16/24; first-F radius 16/44; first-I3 radius 20/53. The I4-pit histogram has n = 42 and the first-I4-radius histogram n = 51. These plots pool newly collected and Bancroft material, rather than describing one bed. No decimal measurements are inferred from the plotted graphics.

The creta E1 overlap. On printed page 838, Owen and Ingham report that only 19.5% of the 82 creta specimens fall within the E1 overlap between cobboldi and late superba. This quantified contrast forms part of their interpretation, but it does not settle whether the succession records evolutionary change or environmental control.

Roadside sample 50: uncertain Rhodesognathus apparatus. The systematic account on page 696 records 12 Pa and nine Pb elements without associated ramiform elements. Their absence from this recovered material leaves the proposed apparatus uncertain; it is not evidence that the animal biologically lacked such elements. This observation belongs to the separately scoped roadside sample.

Prioniodus deani: source diagnosis and material scope. The systematic account on page 707 describes short, strongly arched Pa elements and contrasting Pb forms: straight-based dextral elements versus arched sinistral elements. No M element was recovered. The name honours W. T. Dean. The 17-element material total pools Onny and Hoar Edge, so it must not be reported as 17 elements from the guide quarry alone. These are the paper’s diagnostic observations, not a new identification of a guide photograph.

Separate New House quarry sample C10/c. Olive-green to yellow-brown sandstone with purple spots, 10 ft below C10/b. Jenkins’s locality page 439 places these samples in the quarry by New House, SO 417859. They are adjacent quarry records, not an assumed river or railway horizon. No Table I column or fossil result is invented for these separately described samples.

Separate New House quarry sample C10/a. Similar sandstone, 6 ft below C10/b. Jenkins’s locality page 439 places these samples in the quarry by New House, SO 417859. They are adjacent quarry records, not an assumed river or railway horizon. No Table I column or fossil result is invented for these separately described samples.

Separate New House quarry sample C10/b. Decalcified green shelly sandstone at the highest quarry horizon, a few feet below the Alternata Limestone. Jenkins’s locality page 439 places these samples in the quarry by New House, SO 417859. They are adjacent quarry records, not an assumed river or railway horizon. No Table I column or fossil result is invented for these separately described samples.

Exact C6 associated microfossil. Jenkins records one Bacisphaeridium specimen from C6, with a body 70 μm across and a process 225 μm long. It is smaller than the separately described Marsh Wood C14/b material. These dimensions belong to the single C6 specimen, not an average Onny population.

Collective Caradoc fine-fraction survey. The residues from C11, C9, off-trail Marsh Wood C14/b and C1/a collectively yielded Baltisphaeridium, Micrhystridium, Veryhachium, Leiosphaeridia and Leiofusa. Jenkins supplies no sample-by-genus matrix in this passage, so none of the five is automatically assigned to every sample. The included C14/b comparator remains outside the trail.

Limits of the associated-microfossil account. The broader upper-Caradoc account describes Leiofusa cf. tumida 200–350 μm long and other Baltisphaeridium and Veryhachium observations without a secure individual Onny sample allocation. These are broader context, not extra exact-locality occurrences. The 420 × 100 μm Leiofusa navicula from C14/b belongs to off-trail Marsh Wood. Jenkins found no Tasmanites in the study; this is a survey non-recovery result, not proof of biological absence at an Onny exposure.

Reading the fringe graphs. Owen and Ingham’s Figures 1 and 4 add three sample-level variables to Table 1: the radius of the posterior E1 pit, the radius of the posterior I1 pit and the In cut-off radius. In the following triples, the numbers are the printed measurement sample sizes in that order, not pit counts or fossil abundance. The diagrams show ranges, means and one standard deviation on each side of the mean, with ranges alone for very small samples. No decimal statistics or bed heights are reconstructed from those plots. The E1 radius convention rounds down half-pit values, so it must not be substituted for an exact E1 pit count.

Figures 1 and 4: cobboldi samples. For Onnia superba cobboldi, the printed E1-radius / I1-radius / In-cut-off sample sizes are A 47/43/44; B 72/71/82; C 10/10/7; D 4/4/4; E 8/5/3; and F 7/6/5. These are separate measurements from the labelled levels of the type-Onnian section.

Figures 1 and 4: creta samples. For Onnia superba creta, the printed E1-radius / I1-radius / In-cut-off sample sizes are G 4/3/2; H 26/26/32; I 25/24/20; and J 24/24/20.

Figures 1 and 4: gracilis samples. For Onnia gracilis, the printed E1-radius / I1-radius / In-cut-off sample sizes are K 5/5/7; L 20/18/28; and M 5/5/9. At level N, in the lowest superba interval, the graphs separately show two gracilis observations for E1 and two for I1. Figure 4 does not give a separate gracilis In sample size at N.

Figures 1 and 4: early superba samples. For early Onnia superba superba, the printed E1-radius / I1-radius sample sizes at N are 44/46; Figure 4 supplies one unpartitioned In count of 52 at this level. At O, no E1 sample size is printed, while I1 and In have n = 1 and 2. The complete E1 / I1 / In triples are P 17/18/19; Q 9/8/7; R 2/2/2; and S 10/8/7. A missing label is not a zero.

Figures 1 and 4: late superba samples. For late Onnia superba superba, the printed E1-radius / I1-radius / In-cut-off sample sizes are T 2/2/2; U 14/13/12; and V 66/57/38. The V or cliff sample incorporates Bancroft Collection material. Figure 1 also labels level W but supplies no E1 measurement count there.

Figures 3 and 5: pooled comparisons. In the order cobboldi, creta, early superba, late superba, Figure 5 prints the following sample sizes: first-I3 radius 150/79/84/73; I3 pits 127/67/72/62; first-F radius 128/67/81/38; posterior-I1 radius 162/80/83/79; In cut-off radius 166/77/89/85; posterior-E1 radius 171/82/83/82; first-I2 radius 150/78/89/67; and I2 pits 126/78/77/61. These are pooled groups, with Bancroft specimens included in cobboldi and late superba. Figure 3 repeats the four E1 sample sizes and depicts the distribution overlap; it is not an additional independent sample.

Keep graph-specific sample sizes. Figure 4 prints n = 38 for the In cut-off at level V, whereas Figure 5 prints n = 85 for the pooled late-superba In comparison. The labels are retained as published. The level and pooled values must not be substituted for one another, summed as independent specimens, or silently changed to make their totals agree; the paper’s unavailable underlying measurement supplement would be needed for a full reconciliation.

Published tests of the fringe changes. The authors report a creta reduction relative to cobboldi significant at less than the 0.1% probability level for E1, I1, In and I2. They also report differences at the 0.1% level between cobboldi and early superba for E1 and I2, and between early and late superba for E1 and In. These are the paper’s stated chi-squared test levels, rather than newly calculated statistics, and do not establish an evolutionary rather than environmental cause.

Jenkins’s sample-specific relative-frequency classes. The systematic accounts add rarity information to Table I’s presence marks. Per 1,000 chitinozoans, Jenkins defines rare as fewer than 1, uncommon as 1–10, common as 10–50, very common as 50–100 and abundant as more than 100. The shared printed endpoints are retained. These are relative-frequency classes, not processing yields per gram or modern collecting probabilities. Material totals below cover each account’s stated set of samples and must not be distributed across individual beds.

Acanthochitina barbata: occurrence and material. C2/d: very common; C1/a–h: abundant. Reported material: 3,000–4,000 single tests. All listed occurrences are Onny samples. Printed page 445.

Ancyrochitina onniensis: occurrence and material. C2/b: common; C2/c: abundant; C2/d: very common; C1/a–h: abundant. Reported material: Approximately 600 single tests. All listed occurrences are Onny samples. Printed page 447.

Ancyrochitina alaticornis: occurrence and material. C9, C8/b–c and C6: abundant. Reported material: 400–500 single tests. Pooled material also includes off-trail C14/b, abundant; do not allocate all material to Onny. Printed page 448.

Ancyrochitina bulmani: occurrence and material. C11: abundant. Reported material: 130 single tests. C11 only; historical combination attributed to Jenkins. Printed page 449.

Angochitina communis: occurrence and material. C1/a–h: abundant. Reported material: 6,000–7,000 single tests. Pooled across listed Onnia samples, not per sample. Printed page 451.

Angochitina dicranum: occurrence and material. C2/c: very common; C2/d: abundant. Reported material: 150 single tests. Pooled across the two samples. Printed page 452.

Conochitina lepida: occurrence and material. C11: rare; C2/d and C1/a–e: rare. Reported material: 12 single tests, most damaged. All listed samples local. Printed page 453.

Conochitina chydaea: occurrence and material. C11 and C1/a–h: uncommon. Reported material: Several thousand single tests. This is a broad multi-formation collection total including S25, S21, S36, S37, S1, S2, S8, S3, S4, S5, S11 and off-trail C16; no Onny count inferred. Printed page 454.

Conochitina elegans: occurrence and material. C11: uncommon; C9: very common; C6 and C4: common; C2/a: very common; C2/b, C2/d and C1/a–h: common. Reported material: 2,000–3,000 single tests. Total also includes off-trail C16 (uncommon) and C14/b (very common). Printed page 455.

Cyathochitina kuckersiana: occurrence and material. C11: abundant; C9: uncommon; C8/b–c: abundant; C6: common; C4: abundant; C2/a–d and C1/a–h: abundant. Reported material: Approximately 8,000 single tests. Total also includes off-trail C16 (common) and C14/b (very common). Printed page 459.

Desmochitina minor f. typica / f. cocca: occurrence and material. f. typica: C11 very common, C9 abundant, C6 common, C2/b–d and C1/a–h abundant. f. cocca: C11 common. Reported material: Several thousand single tests and chains of up to ten individuals. The combined material total includes off-trail C16 and C14/b and Llandeilian S8/S5/S11. Basal Caradoc agglomerations reach 400 tests without an observed organic envelope; this is broader than the figured C11 agglomeration of about 80. Printed page 460.

Hercochitina downiei: occurrence and material. C2/a and C2/b: abundant. Reported material: 400–500 single tests. Pooled across these two Onnia samples. Printed page 461.

Hoegisphaera complanata: occurrence and material. C6: abundant. Reported material: Approximately 100 single tests. C6 only. Ten polar-view specimens measured; roughly 20 unmounted specimens examined in lateral view; compression contribution to short form unresolved. Printed page 462.

Lagenochitina baltica: occurrence and material. C11 and C9: rare; C2/a: common; C1/a–d and C1/f–h: rare. Reported material: 45 single tests. Total also includes off-trail C16, rare. C1/e is not listed in this systematic occurrence statement; do not silently expand its range. Printed page 463.

Lagenochitina shelvensis: occurrence and material. C11: rare. Reported material: One single test, one chain of two tests and several fragments. C11 only; larger populations needed to distinguish precisely from L. bohemica. Printed page 465.

Lagenochitina capax: occurrence and material. C11: rare. Reported material: Two single tests. C11 only; rough wall texture may not be original. Printed page 465.

Rhabdochitina usitata: occurrence and material. C11: rare; C4: uncommon; C2/a: uncommon; C2/b–c: rare. Reported material: Several hundred single tests. Broad pooled total also includes S25, S21, S36, S1, S2, S8, S3 and S11; no Onny-only count. Printed page 468.

Siphonochitina cf. pellucida: occurrence and material. C11: uncommon. Reported material: Seven single tests. C11 material is cf. pellucida; typical Saharan pellucida is a comparator, not an Onny occurrence. Printed page 472.

Siphonochitina clavata: occurrence and material. C11: rare. Reported material: Seven single tests in total: three Llandeilian and four Caradocian specimens in measurement table. Only four are Caradocian C11 specimens; three belong to Betton S2. No seven-specimen Onny claim. Printed page 473.

Siphonochitina robusta: occurrence and material. C11: rare. Reported material: Approximately 800 single tests. Pooled with abundant Hope S21/S36 material; no Onny count inferred. Printed page 475.

Sphaerochitina actonica: occurrence and material. C6: abundant. Reported material: Several hundred single tests. C6 only; six specimens measured; all collarettes damaged, aperture apparently straight in two slightly damaged examples. Printed page 477.

C8/b carina measurement. In well-preserved Cyathochitina kuckersiana from C8/b, the carina does not exceed 12 μm, or 7.5% of maximum diameter. Jenkins gives 15–30 μm, or 10–20%, for the other sampled populations and reports the other features as indistinguishable. This is a sample-specific morphological contrast, not a separate species designation. Printed page 459.

Precisely localised Harnagian records. Dean figured Salterolithus caractaci as whole-individual and cephalic latex casts BM In51339 and In51340 from an excavation 700 ft north of Glenburrell Farm (plate 15, figures 1–2). He also recorded the species about 90 yd SE of the eastern end of the disused Hoar Edge Grit quarry beside the south-western river bank, south-west of Round House. These are separately described exposures, not one generic river-bed locality.

Glenburrell farmhouse exposure. The higher Glenburrell Beds behind the north-western end or corner of the farmhouse yielded Salterolithus caractaci fringe BM In51193 (Dean I, plate 15, figure 6), the pygidial paratype of Brongniartella minor subcarinata, In51182 (Dean II, plate 55, figure 8), and the thorax and pygidium of Parabasilicus powisi, In52186 (Dean III, plate 40, figure 3). Dean also traced a now-lost Broeggerolithus broeggeri paratype to this exposure. This farmhouse locality is separate from the stream at the north-eastern corner of Smeathen Wood, which supplied several regional type specimens.

Roadside quarry 100 yd SE of Glenburrell Farm. Dean’s Upper Soudleyan vouchers include Broeggerolithus soudleyensis BM In50586 and In52856 (plate 17, figures 7–8), Brongniartella minor In51529 (part II, plate 55, figure 11), and Proetidella cf. fearnsidesi In51456 (part III, plate 45, figure 10). The first pair includes a small cephalon and a fringe underside preserving the girder. An older B. soudleyensis cephalon figured by Bancroft in 1949 was already lost by Dean’s study; it is not either of these newly listed vouchers.

Lower Longvillian quarry records. A Platycoryphe? pygidium, BM In50816 (Dean II, plate 55, figure 14), came from the western end of the quarry north of the Bishops Castle road, 250 yd SE of Glenburrell Farm. Dean III’s Parabasilicus? pygidium In51459 (plate 42, figure 5) is located at the quarry 300 yd SE of the farm. Both captions assign the specimens to the Dalmanella horderleyensis zone. Dean IV also confirmed Broeggerolithus nicholsoni in the large roadside quarry described as 280 yd SE of the farm. These are three published distance descriptions rather than a single surveyed collecting point.

New House and the old railway. Dean illustrated Brongniartella minor cranidium BM In52315 from the quarry immediately west of New House, at the top of the Horderley Sandstone in the Bancroftina typa zone (part II, plate 54, figure 6). His Broeggerolithus globiceps occurrences include this quarry, the roadside quarry 280 yd SE of Glenburrell Farm, and the disused railway cutting along the south-west bank between points opposite Glenburrell and New House. The figured B. globiceps types and vouchers are from Rookery Wood, not demonstrated railway specimens.

Burrells Coppice quarry vouchers. The old quarry below the path at the north-eastern corner of Burrells Coppice yielded Chasmops extensa cranidium BM In50547 and pygidium In50546, both internal moulds (Dean II, plate 51, figures 3 and 7). These are Upper Longvillian, Kjaerina typa-zone records from the Lower Cheney Longville Flags. Dean separately listed Kloucekia (Phacopidina) apiculata here and at exposures north of the Bishops Castle road east of New House, emphasising that much of the fauna is concentrated in calcareous bands.

Rookery Wood is a separate source locality. Dean’s figured material from Rookery Wood includes Broeggerolithus globiceps lectotype BM In42076 and paratype In42075, the 1960 B. simplex holotype In50614, Broeggerolithus sp. (? nov.) In49313, Platycoryphe? cranidium In50511, Brongniartella sp. pygidium In51520, Parabasilicus? pygidium In50741, and the types of Flexicalymene (Reacalymene) horderleyensis (holotype In50656; paratypes In49559 and In52103). Their individual south-western, south-eastern and western quarry locations are recorded separately in the voucher register; they cannot stand as vouchers for the railway or the river bed.

Smeathen Wood types remain separately localised. The southern cartway supplied the type material of Smeathenia smeathenensis, Reuscholithus reuschi, Acanthoparypha stubblefieldi, Kloucekia (Phacopidina) harnagensis, Flexicalymene acantha, Gravicalymene praecox, Primaspis harnagensis and Proetidella fearnsidesi. The north-eastern stream section instead yielded the Broeggerolithus broeggeri lectotype BM In42077 and the Brongniartella minor subcarinata holotype In50781. These two Smeathen Wood sections are distinct both geographically and stratigraphically and should not be merged with Glenburrell farmhouse or River Onny collecting sites.

Old labels and rejected records. Dean rejected the apparent Wistanstow provenance of the Salterolithus caractaci lectotype GSM 6829, assigning it to Welshpool on preservation; the neighbouring old-collection numbers GSM 6830–6832, on one slab, were instead identified as Onnia superba from the Onny Valley. He considered the supposed Broeggerolithus constrictus from the river near the north bank 55 yd south of Round House probably to be B. broeggeri. His fourth paper also states that Bancroft’s report of Dindymene from the Actonian Onny Valley had not been substantiated. None of these rejected or imprecise records should be converted into an unqualified exact-bed occurrence.

The qualified ulrichi record. Dean described poorly preserved fragments at least close to Broeggerolithus ulrichi from the north-west side of the track 50 yd WNW of Glenburrell Farm and from a second point about 15 yd north-east of it. Both were in the lowest Glenburrell Beds below the appearance of B. broeggeri. His fourth paper explicitly called the Onny Valley occurrence doubtful. The holotype BM In42371 and illustrated specimens In49708 and In54024 are from the Welshpool district and do not provide numbered vouchers for these Glenburrell exposures.

Complete Dean source-specific voucher register. The four monographs’ records below retain the exact river exposures, corridor sites, separate neighbouring quarries and uncertain provenances. Repeated plate views are not additional specimens. These entries overlap some earlier taxon summaries and type accounts; they must not be added together as independent material totals. Regional excluded records remain outside the local register. Historical nomenclature, type status and preservation-based locality inferences are retained as Dean stated them.

Ampyxella edgelli (Reed): GSM 35648. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Slightly flattened cranidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: lectotype selected by Dean. Figured views: plate 11, figure 3. Label says Horderley Quarry; assignment to superba cliff is Dean's preservation-based correction, not original collection documentation. Source part I (1960), printed pages 80–82.

Ampyxella edgelli (Reed): GSM 35641. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Pygidium. Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Reed 1932 pl.11 fig.4; label uppermost Caradoc Onny, preservation agrees with superba horizon. Source part I (1960), printed pages 81.

Ampyxella edgelli (Reed): GSM 35644. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Listed paratype; exact individual locality not supplied in Dean account. Historical horizon: Actonian / Onnian not individually allocated. Paratype listed without individual anatomical or locality allocation. Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Do not automatically place in superba cliff. Source part I (1960), printed pages 81.

Ampyxella edgelli (Reed): GSM 35646. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Listed paratype; exact individual locality not supplied in Dean account. Historical horizon: Actonian / Onnian not individually allocated. Paratype listed without individual anatomical or locality allocation. Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Do not automatically place in superba cliff. Source part I (1960), printed pages 81.

Ampyxella edgelli (Reed): GSM 35642. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Label uppermost Caradoc River Onny; Dean compares preservation with Actonian mudstones near Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Probably Actonian, by preservation. Pygidium. Type status as stated: cited non-type. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Do not silently transfer this to the superba cliff or treat inferred Actonian provenance as certain. Source part I (1960), printed pages 81.

Ampyxella edgelli (Reed): Sedgwick A43831. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Whole individual, internal mould, anterior spine and five-segment thorax. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 11, figure 1. Source part I (1960), printed pages 80–81.

Ampyxella edgelli (Reed): BM In49724. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Uncrushed glabella internal mould, median carina. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 11, figure 4. Source part I (1960), printed pages 80–81.

Ampyxella edgelli (Reed): BM In37612. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Latex cast of pygidium, marginal rim, steep border and terrace-lines. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 11, figure 7. Source part I (1960), printed pages 80–81.

Ampyxella edgelli (Reed): Bristol University 8312. Precisely described river exposure. South bank River Onny, 80 yd west of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Actonian Stage. Latex cast of whole individual; five thoracic segments. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 11, figure 6. Source part I (1960), printed pages 80–81.

Lonchodomas pennatus (La Touche): BM In37621. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Cranidium, glabella and fixed cheeks internal mould; frontal spine underside external mould. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 11, figure 12. Cliff/horizon assigned by limonitic preservation in ochreous-weathering mudstone and association with Rafinesquina holli. Source part I (1960), printed pages 82–83.

Lonchodomas pennatus (La Touche): BM In48561. Precisely described river exposure. South bank River Onny, 80 yd west of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Actonian Stage. Cranidial internal mould, hypostomal pits and glabellar muscle-areas. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 11, figure 2; plate 11, figure 5. The caption gives the locality as probably that of Ampyxella in figure 6; the allocation remains tentative. Source part I (1960), printed pages 82–83.

Lonchodomas pennatus (La Touche): BM In48935. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 85 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Thorax, pygidium and incomplete free cheek with test preserved. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 11, figure 8. Source part I (1960), printed pages 82–83.

Lonchodomas pennatus (La Touche): BM In48934. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 85 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Testate pygidium photographed whitened (fig.9) and wet (fig.11) to show muscle scars. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 11, figure 9; plate 11, figure 11. Source part I (1960), printed pages 82–83.

Lonchodomas pennatus (La Touche): BM In48939. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 85 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Incomplete cranidium with grooved frontal spine. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 11, figure 10. Source part I (1960), printed pages 82–83.

Salterolithus caractaci (Murchison): BM In51339. Precisely described corridor exposure. Excavation 700 ft north of Glenburrell Farm, Horderley. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Salterolithus caractaci Zone. Latex cast of whole individual. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 15, figure 1. Source part I (1960), printed pages 96–98.

Salterolithus caractaci (Murchison): BM In51340. Precisely described corridor exposure. Excavation 700 ft north of Glenburrell Farm, Horderley. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Salterolithus caractaci Zone. Latex cast of cephalon. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 15, figure 2. Source part I (1960), printed pages 96–98.

Salterolithus caractaci (Murchison): BM In51193. Precisely described corridor exposure. Exposure behind north-western end/corner of Glenburrell Farm, Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. Internal mould of fringe, underside. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 15, figure 6. Source part I (1960), printed pages 96–98.

Salterolithus caractaci (Murchison): BM In51207. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Stream-section at extreme NE corner of Smeathen Wood, about 150 yd south of Round House. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. External mould of underside of fringe. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 15, figure 4. Source part I (1960), printed pages 96–98.

Salterolithus caractaci (Murchison): BM In51205. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Stream-section at extreme NE corner of Smeathen Wood, about 150 yd south of Round House. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. Internal mould of cephalon. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 15, figure 9. Source part I (1960), printed pages 96–98.

Broeggerolithus soudleyensis (Bancroft): BM In50586. Precisely described corridor exposure. Old roadside quarry, north / north-east side of road, 100 yd SE of Glenburrell Farm. Historical horizon: Upper Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus soudleyensis Zone; Lower Horderley Sandstone. Internal mould of small cephalon; seven E2 pits absent frontally. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 17, figure 7. Source part I (1960), printed pages 115–116.

Broeggerolithus soudleyensis (Bancroft): BM In52856. Precisely described corridor exposure. Old roadside quarry, north / north-east side of road, 100 yd SE of Glenburrell Farm. Historical horizon: Upper Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus soudleyensis Zone; Lower Horderley Sandstone. Underside of fringe, girder and interrupted E2. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 17, figure 8. Source part I (1960), printed pages 115–116.

Broeggerolithus soudleyensis (Bancroft): BM In51446. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Stream-section at extreme NE corner of Smeathen Wood, about 150 yd south of Round House. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. Underside of fringe; three E2 pits absent frontally. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 17, figure 5. Source part I (1960), printed pages 115–116.

Broeggerolithus soudleyensis (Bancroft): BM In51445. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Stream-section at extreme NE corner of Smeathen Wood, about 150 yd south of Round House. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. Underside of fringe, girder and genal spine; two E2 pits absent frontally. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 17, figure 6. Source part I (1960), printed pages 115–116.

Broeggerolithus soudleyensis (Bancroft): Untraced Bancroft 1949 pl.9 fig.6. Precisely described corridor exposure. Old roadside quarry, north / north-east side of road, 100 yd SE of Glenburrell Farm. Historical horizon: Upper Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus soudleyensis Zone; Lower Horderley Sandstone. Incomplete cephalon. Type status as stated: lost figured specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Dean says specimen also lost; no museum number provided. Source part I (1960), printed pages 116.

Broeggerolithus transiens (Bancroft): BM In50604. Precisely described river exposure. South bank River Onny, 1050 yd WSW Wistanstow Church. Historical horizon: Marshbrookian Stage, Onniella reuschi Zone. Cephalon with girder and radial sulci impressions on lower fringe lamella. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 18, figure 8. Source part I (1960), printed pages 123–126.

Onnia? cobboldi (Bancroft): BM In42072. Precisely described river exposure. Bed River Onny near south bank, about 45 yd east / ESE of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia? cobboldi Zone. Cephalon figured by Bancroft 1929 pl.2 fig.6. Type status as stated: lectotype selected by Dean. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Not In42074. Original lectotype designation visually verified p130; not figured on Dean plate19. Source part I (1960), printed pages 128–130.

Onnia? cobboldi (Bancroft): Untraced Bancroft 1929 pl.2 fig.7. Precisely described river exposure. Bed River Onny near south bank, about 45 yd east / ESE of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia? cobboldi Zone. Pygidium. Type status as stated: untraced paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. No museum number supplied. Source part I (1960), printed pages 130.

Onnia? cobboldi (Bancroft): BM In49026. Precisely described river exposure. Bed River Onny near south bank, about 45 yd east / ESE of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia? cobboldi Zone. Cephalon; fig.12 enlargement of median ocellus. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 19, figure 3; plate 19, figure 12. Source part I (1960), printed pages 128–130.

Onnia? cobboldi (Bancroft): BM In49028. Precisely described river exposure. Bed River Onny near south bank, about 45 yd east / ESE of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia? cobboldi Zone. Whole individual with test preserved. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 19, figure 1. Historical Dean attribution only; later 1988 reidentification/locality correction must remain attached in production, not erased by this historical register. Source part I (1960), printed pages 128–130.

Onnia gracilis (Bancroft): BM In42074. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny / ledge across river, 100 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Incomplete cephalon with test preserved. Type status as stated: lectotype selected by Dean. Figured views: plate 19, figure 2. This is gracilis, not cobboldi. Source part I (1960), printed pages 130–132.

Onnia gracilis (Bancroft): BM In49032. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny / ledge across river, 100 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Whole individual with test preserved. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 19, figure 7. Earlier illustration showed only pygidium and thoracic fragment. Fringe injury apparently healed; posterior margin regenerated along diagonal break. Source part I (1960), printed pages 132.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): BM In42070. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Nearly complete cephalon, internal mould. Type status as stated: holotype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. p136 identifies this as holotype AND associates it with pl.19 fig.9; caption instead gives In49031. Figure identity remains a printed source conflict. Source part I (1960), printed pages 133–136.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): BM In49158. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Immature cephalon with three frontal pit rows and reticulate surface. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 19, figure 4; plate 19, figure 5. Source part I (1960), printed pages 133–136.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): BM In49157. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Immature cephalon with two frontal pit rows. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 19, figure 6. Source part I (1960), printed pages 133–136.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): BM In50709. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Latex cast of immature cephalon; marginal suture and grooved genal spine. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 19, figure 8. Source part I (1960), printed pages 133–136.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): BM In49031. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Internal mould of cephalon. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 19, figure 9. Caption identifies fig.9 as In49031 but p136 says In42070; do not count the conflicting names as two independently figured specimens. Source part I (1960), printed pages 133–136.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): BM In49030. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Underside of fringe showing strong anterior girder. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 19, figure 11. Source part I (1960), printed pages 133–136.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): BM In49029. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Whole individual internal mould; pygidium and genal spines. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 19, figure 13; plate 19, figure 14. Source part I (1960), printed pages 133–136.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): BM In50701. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Small poorly preserved cephalon, 2.5 mm broad and about 1.0 mm long; ocular ridges and three frontal pit rows. Type status as stated: unfigured measured specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Explicitly part of young material from type-locality; disarticulated cephala do not permit complete developmental sequence. Source part I (1960), printed pages 135.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): BM In52089. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Typical adult in Onnia superba systematic account; individual collection locality not expressly stated. Historical horizon: Onnia superba Zone assumed only at species-account level. Adult cephalon 23 mm wide used for pit notation. Type status as stated: unfigured measured specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Do not convert species-level type locality into positive specimen-level locality. Source part I (1960), printed pages 134.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): GSM 6830. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Onny Valley, block labelled Wistanstow; no precise bank/bed supplied. Historical horizon: Onnia superba horizon by Dean identification. On same hand-specimen. Type status as stated: historical collection specimen, reassigned by Dean. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Among Murchison material associated with Salterolithus caractaci; Dean explicitly identifies these three as typical Onnia superba, not S. caractaci. Source part I (1960), printed pages 96–97.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): GSM 6831. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Onny Valley, block labelled Wistanstow; no precise bank/bed supplied. Historical horizon: Onnia superba horizon by Dean identification. On same hand-specimen. Type status as stated: historical collection specimen, reassigned by Dean. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Among Murchison material associated with Salterolithus caractaci; Dean explicitly identifies these three as typical Onnia superba, not S. caractaci. Source part I (1960), printed pages 96–97.

Onnia superba (Bancroft): GSM 6832. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Onny Valley, block labelled Wistanstow; no precise bank/bed supplied. Historical horizon: Onnia superba horizon by Dean identification. On same hand-specimen. Type status as stated: historical collection specimen, reassigned by Dean. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Among Murchison material associated with Salterolithus caractaci; Dean explicitly identifies these three as typical Onnia superba, not S. caractaci. Source part I (1960), printed pages 96–97.

Onnia aff. superba (Bancroft): BM In54037. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny / ledge across river, 100 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Cephalon with test preserved. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 19, figure 10. Dean historical aff. identification; later reidentification must remain distinct. Source part I (1960), printed pages 136–137.

Smeathenia smeathenensis (Bancroft): BM In43321. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Mature cephalon internal mould. Type status as stated: lectotype selected by Dean. Figured views: plate 13, figure 16. Source part I (1960), printed pages 100–102.

Smeathenia smeathenensis (Bancroft): BM In42092. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. External mould of pygidium. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 13, figure 15. Source part I (1960), printed pages 100–102.

Smeathenia smeathenensis (Bancroft): BM In49132. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. External mould underside of fringe, girder and pseudogirder. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 13, figure 7. Source part I (1960), printed pages 100–102.

Smeathenia smeathenensis (Bancroft): BM In49560. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Cephalon, median ocellus, gaps in E3 and E4 undeveloped. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 13, figure 10; plate 13, figure 11; plate 13, figure 12. Source part I (1960), printed pages 100–102.

Smeathenia smeathenensis (Bancroft): BM In50619. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Small cephalon with reticulate cheeks and three external pit rows. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 13, figure 13. Source part I (1960), printed pages 100–102.

Smeathenia smeathenensis (Bancroft): BM In42082. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Incomplete cephalon (Bancroft 1949 pl.9 fig.2). Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Source part I (1960), printed pages 100–102.

Reuscholithus reuschi Bancroft: BM In42080 a & b. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Latex cast and internal mould of incomplete cephalon. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 14, figure 1; plate 14, figure 3. Source part I (1960), printed pages 91–94.

Reuscholithus reuschi Bancroft: BM In50517. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Immature cephalon internal mould; relatively broad, median ocellus. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 14, figure 7. Source part I (1960), printed pages 91–94.

Broeggerolithus broeggeri (Bancroft): BM In42077. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Stream-section at extreme NE corner of Smeathen Wood, about 150 yd south of Round House. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. Cephalon, internal mould. Type status as stated: lectotype (Whittard 1958). Figured views: plate 16, figure 3. Source part I (1960), printed pages 111–112.

Broeggerolithus broeggeri (Bancroft): BM In50831. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Stream-section at extreme NE corner of Smeathen Wood, about 150 yd south of Round House. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. Underside fringe internal mould, girder and genal spine. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 16, figure 10. Source part I (1960), printed pages 111–112.

Broeggerolithus broeggeri (Bancroft): Untraced Bancroft 1929 pl.1 fig.8. Precisely described corridor exposure. Exposure behind north-western end/corner of Glenburrell Farm, Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. Incomplete cephalon. Type status as stated: lost paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Locality expressly given behind western farmhouse end; no surviving catalogue number. Source part I (1960), printed pages 112.

Broeggerolithus broeggeri (Bancroft): Untraced Bancroft 1929 pl.1 fig.7. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Paratype not individually localised in Dean; listed with Smeathen type material. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan. Pygidium. Type status as stated: lost paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Dean supplies no individual river allocation and says both old paratypes were probably lost. Source part I (1960), printed pages 112.

Broeggerolithus cf. broeggeri (Bancroft): BM In48937. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Stream-section at extreme NE corner of Smeathen Wood, about 150 yd south of Round House. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. Whole individual, internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 16, figure 4; plate 16, figure 8. cf. retained; distinct fringe character from forma typica. Source part I (1960), printed pages 112–113.

Broeggerolithus globiceps (Bancroft): BM In42076. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Just east of SW corner of Rookery Wood, three-quarters mile SE Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Incomplete cephalon, internal mould. Type status as stated: lectotype selected by Dean. Figured views: plate 17, figure 15. Source part I (1960), printed pages 117–119.

Broeggerolithus globiceps (Bancroft): BM In42075. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Just east of SW corner of Rookery Wood, three-quarters mile SE Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Incomplete cephalon with distorted and shortened glabella. Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Source part I (1960), printed pages 117–119.

Broeggerolithus globiceps (Bancroft): BM In49315. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Just east of SW corner of Rookery Wood, three-quarters mile SE Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Cephalon internal mould, large glabella and three E2 pits absent frontally. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 17, figure 13. Source part I (1960), printed pages 117–119.

Broeggerolithus globiceps (Bancroft): BM In49321. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Just east of SW corner of Rookery Wood, three-quarters mile SE Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Cephalon internal mould, interradial ridges; two E2 pits absent at genal angle. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 17, figure 16. Source part I (1960), printed pages 117–119.

Broeggerolithus sp. (? nov.): BM In49313. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Just east of SW corner of Rookery Wood, three-quarters mile SE Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Incomplete cephalon, half-fringe and glabella internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 17, figure 12. Possible injury/malformation at R6; no new species established. Source part I (1960), printed pages 119–120.

Broeggerolithus simplex sp. nov.: BM In50614. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Just east of SW corner of Rookery Wood, three-quarters mile SE Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Incomplete cephalon internal mould; glabella absent, left cheek preserved. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 17, figure 14. Only specimen definitely assigned in 1960; Dean IV (1963) discusses synonymy with B. nicholsoni explicitly. Source part I (1960), printed pages 120–121.

Pseudosphaerexochus sp.: BM In50660. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Almost complete distorted cephalon, internal mould, about 60 mm wide. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 49, figure 2; plate 49, figure 7; plate 49, figure 8. Only specimen available; first Shropshire figure in this account. Source part II (1961), printed pages 316–317.

Calyptaulax actonensis sp. nov.: BM In48492. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Probably north side of Bishops Castle road, SW of Wistanstow. Historical horizon: Middle Actonian Stage. Pygidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 50, figure 13. Probable road-side provenance; not proven river specimen and not a Gretton/Acton Scott specimen by this caption. Source part II (1961), printed pages 328–330.

Chasmops extensa (Boeck): BM In50547. Precisely described corridor exposure. Old quarry below track at NE corner of Burrells Coppice, SE of Horderley. Historical horizon: Upper Longvillian Substage, Kjaerina typa Zone; Lower Cheney Longville Flags. Incomplete cranidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 51, figure 3. Source part II (1961), printed pages 331–336.

Chasmops extensa (Boeck): BM In50546. Precisely described corridor exposure. Old quarry below track at NE corner of Burrells Coppice, SE of Horderley. Historical horizon: Upper Longvillian Substage, Kjaerina typa Zone; Lower Cheney Longville Flags. Pygidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 51, figure 7. Source part II (1961), printed pages 331–336.

Chasmops extensa (Boeck): BM In49127. Precisely described river exposure. South bank River Onny, 80 yd west of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Middle Actonian Stage (plate caption). Large almost complete cephalon, partly testate; additional photographs enlarge glabellar surface and composite tubercles. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 51, figure 4; plate 51, figure 8; plate 51, figure 10; plate 52, figure 1; plate 52, figure 6. Source part II (1961), printed pages 331–336.

Chasmops extensa (Boeck): BM In49128. Precisely described river exposure. South bank River Onny, 80 yd west of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Middle Actonian Stage (plate caption). Testate pygidium; additional enlargement shows surface granulation. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 51, figure 5; plate 51, figure 9; plate 52, figure 7. Source part II (1961), printed pages 331–336.

Chasmops extensa (Boeck): BM In49126. Precisely described river exposure. South bank River Onny, 80 yd west of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Middle Actonian Stage (plate caption). Hypostoma, internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 51, figure 6. Source part II (1961), printed pages 331–336.

Chasmops extensa (Boeck): BM In50549. Precisely described river exposure. Bed River Onny near south bank, about 45 yd east / ESE of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia? cobboldi Zone. Incomplete cranidium. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 52, figure 3. Plate fixes south bank 45 yd east. Prose p335–336 separately records north bank 35 yd east; these should not be merged into one precise voucher locality. Source part II (1961), printed pages 331–336.

Chasmops extensa (Boeck): BM In52166. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. No individual locality supplied with this anatomical observation. Historical horizon: Account covers Upper Longvillian through basal Onnian, not individually allocated. Cephalon 32 mm median length, left eye 350 facets in 29 vertical rows. Type status as stated: unfigured measured specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Do not claim Onny provenance from large size alone. Source part II (1961), printed pages 333.

Chasmops salopiensis sp. nov.: BM In50551. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, about 30 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Topmost Actonian Stage. Incomplete cephalon, test partly preserved. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 52, figure 5. From 3-inch trilobite/brachiopod fragment band. Source part II (1961), printed pages 337–339.

Chasmops salopiensis sp. nov. (tentative pygidial assignment): BM In50552. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, about 30 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Topmost Actonian Stage. Pygidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: explicitly excluded from type material. Figured views: plate 52, figure 2. Dean expressly considered assignment uncertain; not a paratype. Source part II (1961), printed pages 337–339.

Platycoryphe? sp.: BM In50511. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Just west of SW corner of Rookery Wood. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Incomplete cranidium internal mould in decalcified sandstone. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 53, figure 11. Source part II (1961), printed pages 344–345.

Platycoryphe? sp.: BM In50816. Precisely described corridor exposure. West end of quarry north of Bishops Castle road, 250 yd SE Glenburrell Farm. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella horderleyensis Zone. Pygidium internal mould, complete by caption but imperfectly preserved. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 55, figure 14. Source part II (1961), printed pages 344–345.

Platycoryphe cf. dentata: GSM 35524. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Label only ?Caradoc, Horderley; Smeathen Wood Beds inferred by preservation. Historical horizon: Harnagian; reuschi versus caractaci zone not resolved. Small cranidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 53, figure 10. Exact locality and zone unknown; cannot become an exact river or quarry occurrence. Source part II (1961), printed pages 344.

Brongniartella minor (Salter): BM In52315. Precisely described corridor exposure. Old quarry west of New House, SE of Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Bancroftina typa Zone; topmost Horderley Sandstone. Incomplete cranidium internal mould in decalcified sandstone. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 54, figure 6. Source part II (1961), printed pages 351–352.

Brongniartella minor (Salter): BM In51529. Precisely described corridor exposure. Old roadside quarry, north / north-east side of road, 100 yd SE of Glenburrell Farm. Historical horizon: Upper Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus soudleyensis Zone; Lower Horderley Sandstone. Incomplete cranidium internal mould in decalcified sandstone. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 55, figure 11. Source part II (1961), printed pages 351–352.

Brongniartella minor subcarinata subsp. nov.: BM In51182. Precisely described corridor exposure. Exposure behind north-western end/corner of Glenburrell Farm, Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. Pygidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 55, figure 8. Source part II (1961), printed pages 352–353.

Brongniartella minor subcarinata subsp. nov.: BM In50781. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Stream-section at extreme NE corner of Smeathen Wood, about 150 yd south of Round House. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. Almost complete cranidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 55, figure 6. Source part II (1961), printed pages 352–353.

Brongniartella sp.: BM In51520. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. SE corner of Rookery Wood, SE Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Nearly complete pygidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 55, figure 5. Source places in weathered sandy-limestone lens in massive Horderley Sandstone; possibly new species, not named. Source part II (1961), printed pages 354.

Acanthoparypha stubblefieldi (Bancroft): BM In50499. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Incomplete undistorted cranidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 49, figure 1; plate 49, figure 4. Source part II (1961), printed pages 314–316.

Acanthoparypha stubblefieldi (Bancroft): BM In42085. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Pygidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 49, figure 3. Source part II (1961), printed pages 314–316.

Acanthoparypha stubblefieldi (Bancroft): BM In42084. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Incomplete slightly distorted cranidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: lectotype. Figured views: plate 49, figure 5; plate 49, figure 11. Source part II (1961), printed pages 314–316.

Acanthoparypha stubblefieldi (Bancroft): BM In50498. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Glabellar fragment internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 49, figure 6. Source part II (1961), printed pages 314–316.

Kloucekia (Phacopidina) harnagensis (Bancroft): BM In49131. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Latex cast of almost complete dorsal exoskeleton; thorax, pygidium and upturned terminal spine. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 49, figure 9; plate 49, figure 14. Source part II (1961), printed pages 321–324.

Kloucekia (Phacopidina) harnagensis (Bancroft): BM In42089. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Cephalon / associated thoracic portion. Type status as stated: lectotype. Figured views: plate 50, figure 1; plate 50, figure 5. Source part II (1961), printed pages 321–324.

Kloucekia (Phacopidina) harnagensis (Bancroft): BM In50576. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Cranidium, visual surface of eye. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 50, figure 2. Source part II (1961), printed pages 321–324.

Kloucekia (Phacopidina) harnagensis (Bancroft): BM In42088. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Pygidium. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 50, figure 3. Source part II (1961), printed pages 321–324.

Kloucekia (Phacopidina) harnagensis (Bancroft): BM In52211. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Immature cranidium internal mould; deep first and second glabellar furrows. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 50, figure 4. Source part II (1961), printed pages 321–324.

Onnicalymene onniensis (Shirley): GSM RR1940. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny / ledge across river, 100 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Cranidium. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 39, figure 10; plate 39, figure 11. Locality probably the gracilis ledge; keep probably. Source part III (1963), printed pages 223–224.

Onnicalymene onniensis (Shirley): BM In52092. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny / ledge across river, 100 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Thorax and pygidium with test preserved. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 39, figure 2. Source part III (1963), printed pages 223–224.

Onnicalymene onniensis (Shirley): BM In50711. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Cranidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 40, figure 9. Source part III (1963), printed pages 223–224.

Onnicalymene laticeps (Bancroft): BM In50723. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 62 ft east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Uppermost Actonian Stage. Uncrushed testate cranidium. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 38, figure 10; plate 38, figure 14; plate 38, figure 15. Source part III (1963), printed pages 224.

Onnicalymene salteri (Bancroft): BM In42099. Precisely described river exposure. Jack Slither, south bank River Onny, 45 yd west of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Actonian Stage. Cranidium. Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Separate from figured In50736 at 80 yd west. Source part III (1963), printed pages 224.

Onnicalymene salteri (Bancroft): BM In50736. Precisely described river exposure. South bank River Onny, 80 yd west of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Actonian Stage. Incomplete cranidium with test preserved. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 38, figure 13. Source part III (1963), printed pages 224.

Gravicalymene cf. praecox (Bancroft): BM In50654. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny / ledge across river, 100 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Cranidium with test preserved. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 39, figure 4. Source part III (1963), printed pages 225–227.

Gravicalymene cf. praecox (Bancroft): BM In50655. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny / ledge across river, 100 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Thorax and pygidium, associated with In50654. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 39, figure 5; plate 39, figure 8. The parts were believed to belong to the same individual, without proven articulation; the identification remains qualified by cf. Source part III (1963), printed pages 225–227.

Gravicalymene inflata sp. nov.: BM In50653. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny / ledge across river, 100 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Incomplete testate cranidium, posterior fixigenae missing. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 39, figure 6. Only available specimen; hypostoma, thorax and pygidium unknown. Source part III (1963), printed pages 227–228.

Illaenus cf. fallax Holm: BM In50760. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny about 70 yd east of Batch Gutter (plate); occurrence text says about 63 yd. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia? cobboldi Zone. Pygidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 42, figure 3. 63/70 yd source discrepancy retained, no invented precise coordinate. Source part III (1963), printed pages 233–234.

Illaenus cf. fallax Holm: BM In50515. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny / ledge across river, 100 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Pygidium internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 42, figure 4. Source part III (1963), printed pages 233–234.

Illaenus cf. fallax Holm: BM In50759. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny / ledge across river, 100 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Cranidium with most test preserved. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 42, figure 12. Source part III (1963), printed pages 233–234.

Platylichas laxatus (M'Coy): BM In50747. Precisely described river exposure. South bank River Onny, 80 yd west of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Actonian Stage. Incomplete cranidium showing surface of test. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 43, figure 2. Source part III (1963), printed pages 235–237.

Platylichas laxatus (M'Coy): BM In46440. Precisely described river exposure. South bank River Onny, 80 yd west of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Actonian Stage. Almost complete cranidium. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 43, figure 11. Source part III (1963), printed pages 235–237.

Triarthrus cf. linnarssoni Thorslund: BM In49320. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Internal mould of immature pygidium. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 44, figure 2. cf. retained; total material examined was three cranidia and one small incomplete pygidium, not four numbered figured vouchers. Source part III (1963), printed pages 241–242.

Triarthrus cf. linnarssoni Thorslund: BM In51528. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Incomplete immature cranidium, palpebral lobe position. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 44, figure 5. cf. retained; total material examined was three cranidia and one small incomplete pygidium, not four numbered figured vouchers. Source part III (1963), printed pages 241–242.

Triarthrus cf. linnarssoni Thorslund: Shrewsbury Museum 374. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Cranidium, internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 44, figure 10; plate 44, figure 12. cf. retained; total material examined was three cranidia and one small incomplete pygidium, not four numbered figured vouchers. Source part III (1963), printed pages 241–242.

Remopleurides warburgae sp. nov.: BM In49751. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 87 ft east of junction with Batch Gutter (plate 46 says 30 yd). Historical horizon: Uppermost third of Actonian Stage. Cranidium with test preserved. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 46, figure 1; plate 46, figure 2. 87 ft in systematic account; 30 yd in plate. Keep both expressions without forcing identity of exact surveyed point. Source part III (1963), printed pages 246–247.

Remopleurides latus Olin onniensis subsp. nov.: BM In49750. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 87 ft east of junction with Batch Gutter (plate 46 says 30 yd). Historical horizon: Uppermost third of Actonian Stage. Cranidium. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 46, figure 4; plate 46, figure 5. 3-inch shelly-debris band. Source part III (1963), printed pages 247–248.

Remopleurides latus Olin onniensis subsp. nov.: BM In49762. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 87 ft east of junction with Batch Gutter (plate 46 says 30 yd). Historical horizon: Uppermost third of Actonian Stage. Paratype (not separately figured in Dean). Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Type-material from same 3-inch band; no anatomical allocation stated with paratype list. Source part III (1963), printed pages 248.

Remopleurides sp.: BM In49752. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 87 ft east of junction with Batch Gutter (plate 46 says 30 yd). Historical horizon: Uppermost third of Actonian Stage. Almost complete left librigena. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 46, figure 3. Sorted remains; no pygidia found; neither assigned to definite species. Source part III (1963), printed pages 248–249.

Remopleurides sp.: BM In49753. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 87 ft east of junction with Batch Gutter (plate 46 says 30 yd). Historical horizon: Uppermost third of Actonian Stage. Incomplete thorax, six articulated segments, serrated axial rings. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 46, figure 7. Sorted remains; no pygidia found; neither assigned to definite species. Source part III (1963), printed pages 248–249.

Remopleurella burmeisteri (Bancroft): BM In42106. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Cranidium internal mould. Type status as stated: lectotype selected by Dean. Figured views: plate 46, figure 11. Source part III (1963), printed pages 250–251.

Remopleurella burmeisteri (Bancroft): BM In42098. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Librigena internal mould. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 46, figure 6. Source part III (1963), printed pages 250–251.

Remopleurella burmeisteri (Bancroft): BM In49561. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Incomplete disarticulated dorsal exoskeleton internal mould. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 46, figure 8. Associated hypostoma is separately numbered In49561a in caption. Source part III (1963), printed pages 250–251.

Remopleurella burmeisteri (Bancroft): BM In49561a. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Hypostoma internal mould associated with paratype exoskeleton. Type status as stated: associated part of paratype. Figured views: plate 46, figure 12. Association presumed to represent species; figure caption suffix a visually verified. Source part III (1963), printed pages 250–251.

Remopleurella burmeisteri (Bancroft): BM In49748. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Cranidium internal mould with palpebral lobes. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 46, figure 9. Source part III (1963), printed pages 250–251.

Remopleurella burmeisteri (Bancroft): BM In56800a. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Hypostoma internal mould, anterior lobe thickened to small spine. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 45, figure 2. Caption unambiguously says suffix a, not b; main text uses unsuffixed In56800. Source part III (1963), printed pages 250–251.

Remopleurella burmeisteri (Bancroft): BM In54772. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny / ledge across river, 100 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia gracilis Zone. Single cranidium with thin test and raised anastomosing ridges. Type status as stated: unfigured cited specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Earliest known occurrence in this account; all other known specimens including types from superba cliff. Source part III (1963), printed pages 250–251.

Eobronteus? sp.: Sedgwick A43833. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, 720 yd WSW Wistanstow Church; cliff also described as 160 yd east of Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Onnian Stage, Onnia superba Zone. Incomplete dorsal exoskeleton internal mould: almost complete thorax obscured by fragmentary cephalon and incomplete pygidium. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 46, figure 10. Best of three fragmentary Sedgwick specimens; other two unnumbered here. Generic uncertainty retained. Source part III (1963), printed pages 251.

Parabasilicus powisi (Murchison): BM In52186. Precisely described corridor exposure. Exposure behind north-western end/corner of Glenburrell Farm, Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus broeggeri Zone; higher Glenburrell Beds. Pygidium and thorax internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 40, figure 3. Source part III (1963), printed pages 229–232.

Parabasilicus? sp.: BM In51459. Precisely described corridor exposure. Quarry north of road, 300 yd SE Glenburrell Farm. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella horderleyensis Zone. Pygidium internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 42, figure 5. Source part III (1963), printed pages 232.

Parabasilicus? sp.: BM In50741. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Top of western end of Rookery Wood. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Pygidium internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 40, figure 6. Source part III (1963), printed pages 232.

Proetidella cf. fearnsidesi Bancroft: BM In51456. Precisely described corridor exposure. Old roadside quarry, north / north-east side of road, 100 yd SE of Glenburrell Farm. Historical horizon: Upper Soudleyan Stage, Broeggerolithus soudleyensis Zone; Lower Horderley Sandstone. Cranidium internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 45, figure 10. cf. identification preserved; environmental or specific differences not resolved. Source part III (1963), printed pages 245–246.

Flexicalymene acantha Bancroft: BM In50635. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Cephalon with incomplete thorax internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 37, figure 1. Source part III (1963), printed pages 216–217.

Flexicalymene acantha Bancroft: BM In42091. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Immature cranidium internal mould. Type status as stated: type; text calls holotype, caption calls lectotype. Figured views: plate 37, figure 3. Source type-status discrepancy retained. Source part III (1963), printed pages 216–217.

Flexicalymene acantha Bancroft: BM In49592. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Pygidium internal mould. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 37, figure 4. Source part III (1963), printed pages 216–217.

Flexicalymene acantha Bancroft: BM In50622. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Latex cast adult cranidium. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 37, figure 5; plate 37, figure 6. Source part III (1963), printed pages 216–217.

Flexicalymene acantha Bancroft: BM In50623. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Latex cast damaged almost whole dorsal exoskeleton. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 37, figure 14. Source part III (1963), printed pages 216–217.

Flexicalymene (Reacalymene) horderleyensis sp. nov.: BM In50656. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. SE corner of Rookery Wood, SE Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Latex cast of cranidium external mould. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 37, figure 2; plate 37, figure 8. Source part III (1963), printed pages 221–223.

Flexicalymene (Reacalymene) horderleyensis sp. nov.: BM In49559. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. SE corner of Rookery Wood, SE Horderley. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Cranidium external mould. Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Source part III (1963), printed pages 221–223.

Flexicalymene (Reacalymene) horderleyensis sp. nov.: BM In52103. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old quarry just west of western end of Rookery Wood. Historical horizon: Lower Longvillian Substage, Dalmanella indica and D. lepta Zone. Incomplete cranidium internal mould. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 40, figure 7; plate 40, figure 8. Source part III (1963), printed pages 221–223.

Gravicalymene praecox (Bancroft): BM In50523. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Slightly crushed large cranidium internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 39, figure 1. Source part III (1963), printed pages 225–226.

Gravicalymene praecox (Bancroft): BM In50522. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Large incomplete cranidium internal mould; glabella, border, axial furrows. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 39, figure 3; plate 39, figure 9. Source part III (1963), printed pages 225–226.

Gravicalymene praecox (Bancroft): BM In50657. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Incomplete cranidium internal mould; palpebral lobe and undistorted axial furrows. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 39, figure 12. Source part III (1963), printed pages 225–226.

Gravicalymene praecox (Bancroft): BM In42090. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Immature cranidium internal mould; glabella bears ostracod Tallinella scripta impression. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 39, figure 13; plate 39, figure 14. Source part III (1963), printed pages 225–226.

Parabasilicus powisi (Murchison), probable in account: BM In51462. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Latex cast frontal cranidial fragment. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 42, figure 9. Caption unqualified name but systematic discussion says probably referable. Source part III (1963), printed pages 231.

Parabasilicus powisi (Murchison), probable in account: BM In55371. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Pygidium. Type status as stated: unfigured cited specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Only probably assigned to P. powisi in account. Source part III (1963), printed pages 231.

Primaspis harnagensis (Bancroft): BM In42086. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Type cranidium not refigured here. Type status as stated: lectotype selected by Dean. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Source part III (1963), printed pages 237–238.

Primaspis harnagensis (Bancroft): BM In42087. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Pygidium internal mould. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 44, figure 6. Source part III (1963), printed pages 237–238.

Primaspis harnagensis (Bancroft): BM In50802. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Cranidium internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 44, figure 1. Source part III (1963), printed pages 237–238.

Primaspis harnagensis (Bancroft): BM In50803. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Latex cast librigena external mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 44, figure 8. Source part III (1963), printed pages 237–238.

Proetidella fearnsidesi Bancroft: BM In42083. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Latex cast external mould of dorsal exoskeleton. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 45, figure 3. Source part III (1963), printed pages 243–245.

Proetidella fearnsidesi Bancroft: BM In51454. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Immature thorax internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 45, figure 8. Source part III (1963), printed pages 243–245.

Proetidella fearnsidesi Bancroft: BM In55449. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Cranidium internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 45, figure 12. Source part III (1963), printed pages 243–245.

Proetidella fearnsidesi Bancroft: BM In51522. Separate adjacent exposure, not a river or railway voucher. Old cartway near southern / south-eastern end of Smeathen Wood, 250 yd WSW Wood House. Historical horizon: Harnagian Stage, Reuscholithus reuschi Zone; lower Smeathen Wood Beds. Cranidium internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 45, figure 14. Source part III (1963), printed pages 243–245.

Tretaspis ceriodes (Angelin) favus subsp. nov.: BM In54718. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, about 30 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Topmost Actonian Stage. Cranidium, most test preserved. Pl.1 fig.5 left cheek-lobe/reticulation/lateral ocellus; pl.2 figs.1,3,5 plan/frontal/lateral; figs.4,6 ocellus/glabellar furrows. Type status as stated: holotype. Figured views: plate 1, figure 5; plate 2, figure 1; plate 2, figure 3; plate 2, figure 4; plate 2, figure 5; plate 2, figure 6. Honeycomb reticulation, median and lateral ocelli documented. Source part IV (1963), printed pages 5–9.

Tretaspis ceriodes (Angelin) favus subsp. nov.: BM In54722. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, about 30 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Topmost Actonian Stage. Fragmentary cephalon, radial sulci and marginal suture. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 1, figure 6; plate 1, figure 7. Source part IV (1963), printed pages 5–9.

Tretaspis ceriodes (Angelin) favus subsp. nov.: BM In54719. Precisely described river exposure. North bank River Onny, about 30 yd east of junction with Batch Gutter. Historical horizon: Topmost Actonian Stage. Pygidium with test preserved. Type status as stated: paratype. Figured views: plate 2, figure 2. Source part IV (1963), printed pages 5–9.

Tretaspis ceriodes (Angelin) favus subsp. nov.: BM In54721. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Unfigured paratype list follows both River Onny and Cardington occurrences, without individual allocation. Historical horizon: Actonian; exact locality/bed not allocated individually. Unfigured paratype, anatomy not specified individually. Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Do not assign positively to Onny. Cardington locality: west bank of stream 20 yd south of Corn Mill, quarter mile SE Cardington. The number 55656 is visually confirmed. Source part IV (1963), printed pages 8–9.

Tretaspis ceriodes (Angelin) favus subsp. nov.: BM In54759. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Unfigured paratype list follows both River Onny and Cardington occurrences, without individual allocation. Historical horizon: Actonian; exact locality/bed not allocated individually. Unfigured paratype, anatomy not specified individually. Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Do not assign positively to Onny. Cardington locality: west bank of stream 20 yd south of Corn Mill, quarter mile SE Cardington. The number 55656 is visually confirmed. Source part IV (1963), printed pages 8–9.

Tretaspis ceriodes (Angelin) favus subsp. nov.: BM In55656. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Unfigured paratype list follows both River Onny and Cardington occurrences, without individual allocation. Historical horizon: Actonian; exact locality/bed not allocated individually. Unfigured paratype, anatomy not specified individually. Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Do not assign positively to Onny. Cardington locality: west bank of stream 20 yd south of Corn Mill, quarter mile SE Cardington. The number 55656 is visually confirmed. Source part IV (1963), printed pages 8–9.

Tretaspis ceriodes (Angelin) favus subsp. nov.: BM In55662. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Unfigured paratype list follows both River Onny and Cardington occurrences, without individual allocation. Historical horizon: Actonian; exact locality/bed not allocated individually. Unfigured paratype, anatomy not specified individually. Type status as stated: paratype. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Do not assign positively to Onny. Cardington locality: west bank of stream 20 yd south of Corn Mill, quarter mile SE Cardington. The number 55656 is visually confirmed. Source part IV (1963), printed pages 8–9.

Parabasilicus? marstoni (Salter): GSM 12817. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Shales of Horderley; exact locality unknown, preservation suggests Smeathen Wood Beds. Historical horizon: Probably Harnagian Stage. Almost complete dorsal exoskeleton internal mould; damaged cephalon. Type status as stated: syntype. Figured views: plate 42, figure 1; plate 42, figure 6. No exact Onny provenance established. Source part III (1963), printed pages 231–232.

Parabasilicus? marstoni (Salter): GSM 12818. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Shales of Horderley; exact locality unknown, preservation suggests Smeathen Wood Beds. Historical horizon: Probably Harnagian Stage. Right librigena, internal and partly external mould. Type status as stated: syntype. Figured views: plate 42, figure 8. No exact Onny provenance established. Source part III (1963), printed pages 231–232.

Parabasilicus? sp.: GSM 12830. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Horderley district; exact locality unknown. Historical horizon: Probably Horderley Sandstone, Lower Longvillian. Hypostoma internal mould. Type status as stated: figured non-type. Figured views: plate 42, figure 2. Historical Salter figured specimen; generic assignment and horizon tentative. Source part III (1963), printed pages 232.

Proetidella fearnsidesi Bancroft: GSM 35614. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Horderley district; source assigns Smeathen Wood Beds by preservation only. Historical horizon: Probably Smeathen Wood Beds. Historical specimen labelled Proetus ovatus MS. Type status as stated: unfigured cited specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Not a demonstrated exact-locality occurrence. Source part III (1963), printed pages 245.

Proetidella fearnsidesi Bancroft: GSM 35615. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Horderley district; source assigns Smeathen Wood Beds by preservation only. Historical horizon: Probably Smeathen Wood Beds. Historical specimen labelled Proetus ovatus MS. Type status as stated: unfigured cited specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Not a demonstrated exact-locality occurrence. Source part III (1963), printed pages 245.

Proetidella fearnsidesi Bancroft: GSM 35616. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Horderley district; source assigns Smeathen Wood Beds by preservation only. Historical horizon: Probably Smeathen Wood Beds. Historical specimen labelled Proetus ovatus MS. Type status as stated: unfigured cited specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Not a demonstrated exact-locality occurrence. Source part III (1963), printed pages 245.

Proetidella fearnsidesi Bancroft: GSM 35618. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Horderley district; source assigns Smeathen Wood Beds by preservation only. Historical horizon: Probably Smeathen Wood Beds. Historical specimen labelled Proetus ovatus MS. Type status as stated: unfigured cited specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Not a demonstrated exact-locality occurrence. Source part III (1963), printed pages 245.

Proetidella fearnsidesi Bancroft: GSM 35619. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Horderley district; source assigns Smeathen Wood Beds by preservation only. Historical horizon: Probably Smeathen Wood Beds. Historical specimen labelled Proetus ovatus MS. Type status as stated: unfigured cited specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Not a demonstrated exact-locality occurrence. Source part III (1963), printed pages 245.

Proetidella fearnsidesi Bancroft: GSM 35620. Uncertain provenance, not secure exact-locality evidence. Horderley district; source assigns Smeathen Wood Beds by preservation only. Historical horizon: Probably Smeathen Wood Beds. Historical specimen labelled Proetus ovatus MS. Type status as stated: unfigured cited specimen. No Dean plate view is specified for this record. Not a demonstrated exact-locality occurrence. Source part III (1963), printed pages 245.

Hurst’s systematic occurrences by exact locality. These source-specific taxon-to-locality statements are separate from the formation-level abundance table and the illustrated-voucher register. They preserve occurrences without transferring types or figures from other places. Numbers refer to Hurst’s own locality scheme and historical formations, not Dean’s, Greig’s or the modern visitor stops. They are not 34 newly discovered species.

Obolus salopiensis sp. nov.: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 36 (Acton Scott Formation); 49 (Onny Shale Formation). The figured holotype and explicitly named paratypes are from locality 45, separate from these two river occurrences. Printed page 223.

Lingulella sp.: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 50 (Onny Shale Formation); 51 (Onny Shale Formation). B24201 belongs to the G. H. Morton collection; several small brachial valves are recorded at locality 50. Printed page 225.

Palaeoglossa lockleyi sp. nov.: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 36 (Acton Scott Formation). The local occurrence does not relocate the off-trail holotype or other figured material. Printed page 225.

Paterula cf. subcircularis Cooper: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 49 (Onny Shale Formation). The occurrence is in the basal Onny Shale Formation of Hurst’s 1979 scheme; the identification is qualified by cf. Printed pages 226.

Paracraniops doyleae sp. nov.: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 12 (Cheney Longville Formation; Glynboro Member); 34 (Acton Scott Formation). Locality 34 has an anomalous printed grid reference, so its geographical description and the coordinate conflict remain separate evidence. The types from locality 44 are off-trail. Printed pages 227, 228.

Trematis punctata (J. de C. Sowerby): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 2 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 3 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 4 (Alternata Limestone Formation). BB54739/BB72256 are figured but not individually located. Unfigured lectotype GSM6878 west of Church Preen is not an Onny voucher. Printed pages 229.

Schizocrania hewardi sp. nov.: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 51 (Onny Shale Formation). Upper Onny Shale Formation at Onny river cliff; only BB72268 explicitly holotype. Historical identification disputed by later work, not revalidated here. Printed pages 229, 230.

Schizocrania salopiensis Williams: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 36 (Acton Scott Formation). A river occurrence, but no individually assigned local figured voucher. Printed pages 230.

Schizotreta sp. 1: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 51 (Onny Shale Formation). Internal pedicle-valve mould in BM(NH). Printed pages 232, 233.

Dolerorthis virgata (J. de C. Sowerby): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 12 (Cheney Longville Formation; Glynboro Member); 40 (Acton Scott Formation); 41 (Acton Scott Formation). Lectotype GSM6904 is from Acton Scott, possibly locality 47 or 48. Local collections are O18/O112/O19 at locality 12 and O103 at locality 40. Printed pages 234.

Rhactorthis grandis sp. nov.: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 22 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member). Holotype BB72348 and all figured material are from other localities; locality 22 is an additional occurrence without an individually allocated figured voucher. Printed pages 239.

Dalmanella multiplicata multiplicata (Bancroft): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 12 (Cheney Longville Formation; Glynboro Member); 21 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member); 22 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member). Lectotype BB9379 is from locality 18; figures 162–185 are not allocated to these Onny occurrences. Printed pages 244.

Dalmanella multiplicata (Bancroft) prima subsp. nov.: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 2 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 3 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 4 (Alternata Limestone Formation). Page 248 prints locality 63 for O60, whereas page 244 explicitly gives locality 3 and the locality list ends at 51. This source conflict is unresolved. BB72299–72301 are collectively described as type material, without an explicit paratype label. Printed pages 244, 248.

Dalmanella unguis unguis (J. de C. Sowerby): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 21 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member). Unfigured lectotype from Horderley with exact locality unknown, not securely this river locality. Printed pages 246.

Dalmanella unguis (J. de C. Sowerby) ultima subsp. nov.: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 21 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member). The local occurrence and Onny Valley sample sequence O87–O89 are separate from holotype BB72326 at off-trail locality 47. Printed pages 246, 249.

Bancroftina typa (Whittington): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 2 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 3 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 4 (Alternata Limestone Formation). Hurst’s interpretation includes robusta. BU242 is from the separate New House quarry rather than the listed river localities. Printed pages 252, 253, 254.

Cryptothyris paracyclica (Bancroft): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 39 (Acton Scott Formation); 40 (Acton Scott Formation); 41 (Acton Scott Formation). Both lectotypes BB24172 and BB24218 are from locality 39; localities 40 and 41 are additional occurrence records. Printed pages 256.

Onniella broeggeri Bancroft: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 49 (Onny Shale Formation); 50 (Onny Shale Formation). This passage does not provide a numeric locality 51 allocation for O33. The broeggeri/inconstans synonymy is Hurst’s 1979 interpretation. Printed pages 258, 261.

Onniella depressa Bancroft: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 36 (Acton Scott Formation); 37 (Acton Scott Formation); 38 (Acton Scott Formation); 39 (Acton Scott Formation); 40 (Acton Scott Formation); 41 (Acton Scott Formation). The depressa lectotype BB10251 is from locality 37 and the sinuata lectotype BB10254 from locality 40. Local collections include O24, O104 and O105. Printed pages 260.

Onniella reuschi Bancroft: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 22 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member); 34 (Acton Scott Formation). No figured voucher is individually allocated to these river occurrences. Hurst combines reuschi, grandis and aspasia, whose type material is from other localities. Printed pages 261.

Reuschella bilobata (J. de C. Sowerby): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 2 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 3 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 4 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 12 (Cheney Longville Formation; Glynboro Member); 20 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member); 21 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member); 22 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member); 34 (Acton Scott Formation); 36 (Acton Scott Formation); 37 (Acton Scott Formation); 38 (Acton Scott Formation); 39 (Acton Scott Formation); 40 (Acton Scott Formation); 41 (Acton Scott Formation). This broad source statement records occurrences without allocating figured vouchers or implying equal abundance. Figures 343, 344 and 346 have no precise locality labels and are only probably from locality 47. Printed pages 267.

Heterorthis alternata (J. de C. Sowerby): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 2 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 3 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 4 (Alternata Limestone Formation). Also reports Dean’s lowest Acton Scott Onny Valley shell bed, no longer exposed when Hurst wrote, and Harper’s Onny Shale shell bed. Neither has a numeric locality in this passage. Printed pages 267.

Sowerbyella sericea (J. de C. Sowerby): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 2 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 3 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 4 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 12 (Cheney Longville Formation; Glynboro Member); 20 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member); 21 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member); 22 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member). All figured specimens are from localities 15, 26 or 25, separate from these occurrence records. Printed pages 278.

Eoplectodonta cf. rhombica (M’Coy): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 40 (Acton Scott Formation); 41 (Acton Scott Formation). The identification remains qualified by cf. Figures 404 and 411 illustrate the same specimen, BB72519. Printed pages 278.

Chonetoidea radiatula (Barrande): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 34 (Acton Scott Formation); 36 (Acton Scott Formation); 37 (Acton Scott Formation); 38 (Acton Scott Formation); 39 (Acton Scott Formation); 40 (Acton Scott Formation); 41 (Acton Scott Formation). These river occurrences are separate from the figured material, all of which comes from locality 46. Printed pages 280.

Sericoidea homolensis Havlíček: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 49 (Onny Shale Formation); 50 (Onny Shale Formation); 51 (Onny Shale Formation). Hurst retains Sericoidea and Chonetoidea as separate genera pending revision. The figure 450 code is probably BB73585 on contextual evidence; its final digit is physically obscured. Printed pages 281.

Strophomena grandis (J. de C. Sowerby): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 21 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member). The printed BB725xx versus BB735xx code conflict concerns off-trail figured material and supplies no individual provenance for this river occurrence. Printed pages 282.

Kjaerina bipartita (Salter): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 2 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 3 (Alternata Limestone Formation); 4 (Alternata Limestone Formation). Type locality ambiguous; source discussion does not justify calling any trail specimen a type. Printed pages 284, 286.

Kjaerina typa Bancroft: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 12 (Cheney Longville Formation; Glynboro Member). O110 is a local ontogenetic series. The report of over 24 individuals concerns a separate slab from locality 9, rather than a 24-specimen Onny slab. Printed pages 286, 287.

Hedstroemina fragilis Bancroft: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 22 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member); 34 (Acton Scott Formation); 36 (Acton Scott Formation); 37 (Acton Scott Formation); 38 (Acton Scott Formation); 39 (Acton Scott Formation); 40 (Acton Scott Formation); 41 (Acton Scott Formation). The H. robusta lectotype BB14384 in figure 500 has no individual locality in the cited material paragraphs. Its provenance remains unresolved, so it is excluded from the exact Onny voucher register. Printed pages 288, 290.

Kjerulfina trigonalis Bancroft: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 20 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member). Local material includes O81 specimens BB72540/BB72543 and Bancroft collection specimens BB73913/14. Lectotype BB73834 is from locality 27. Printed pages 291.

Kjerulfina polycyma Bancroft: systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 22 (Cheney Longville Formation; Crosspipes Member). The locality 22 occurrence is separate from off-trail lectotype BB9148. Printed pages 292.

Christiania hollii (Davidson): systematic occurrences. Hurst localities 50 (Onny Shale Formation); 51 (Onny Shale Formation). The individual allocation of figured BB73610–25 between localities 50 and 51 is unstated, and no type status is assigned to them here. Davidson’s type block, collected by Morris, is separate. Printed pages 294, 295.

Orbiculoidea sp.: explicitly located material. BB24948 is a partially exfoliated brachial valve from Batch Gutter, Onny Valley, SO4245 8538, in the historical Acton Scott Formation. It is figured as 89; no numeric Hurst locality is invented. Printed page 232.

Physical dimensions of local registered material. The following length, width and depth measurements are in millimetres and belong to the listed specimens. They are not figure magnifications, population averages or new specimens additional to the caption register. A dimension not printed is left unspecified; approximations and estimates retain the source qualification.

Lingulella sp.: specimen dimensions. B24201: length 12.2 mm, width 8.2 mm (p. 225).

Paterula cf. subcircularis: specimen dimensions. BB72257: length 1.3 mm, width 1.3 mm (p. 226). BB72258: length 2.1 mm, width 2.0 mm (p. 226). BB72259: length 2.0 mm, width 2.0 mm (p. 226). BB72260: length 1.1 mm, width 1.1 mm (p. 226).

Schizocrania hewardi: specimen dimensions. BB72268: length 1.2 mm, width 1.3 mm (p. 229). BB72269: length 1.0 mm, width 1.2 mm (p. 229). BB72270: length 1.1 mm, width 1.2 mm (p. 229). BB72271: length 1.1 mm, width 1.2 mm (p. 229).

Orbiculoidea sp.: specimen dimensions. BB24948: length 6.0 mm, width 5.7 mm, depth 1.6 mm (p. 232).

Schizotreta sp.1: specimen dimensions. BB24950: length approximately 3.1 mm, width approximately 2.2 mm, depth approximately 0.6 mm (p. 233).

Dolerorthis virgata: specimen dimensions. BB72395: length 19.8 mm, width 25.0 mm (p. 234). BB72396: length 14.5 mm, width 19.0 mm (p. 234). BB72397: length 24.0 mm, width 26.0 mm (p. 234). BB72398: length 9.8 mm, width 13.8 mm (p. 234).

Dalmanella multiplicata prima: specimen dimensions. BB72298: length 3.6 mm, width 4.3 mm (p. 244). BB72299: length 3.5 mm, width 4.2 mm (p. 244). BB72300: length 1.9 mm, width 3.0 mm (p. 244). BB72301a/b: length 3.1 mm, width 4.8 mm (p. 244).

Cryptothyris paracyclica: specimen dimensions. BB24172: length 9.2 mm, width 11.3 mm (p. 256). BB24218: length 9.2 mm, width 9.6 mm (p. 256). BB73564: length 7.1 mm, width 9.4 mm (p. 256). BB24184: length 10.0 mm, width 11.7 mm (p. 256). BB24180: length 9.7 mm, width 11.2 mm (p. 256). BB72498: length 11.1 mm, width 13.0 mm (p. 256). BB72500: length 5.6 mm, width 6.9 mm (p. 256). BB24220: length 8.5 mm, width 9.6 mm (p. 256). BB24221: length 8.9 mm, width 11.0 mm (p. 256). BB24216: length 12.0 mm, width 14.3 mm (p. 256). BB24222: length 10.9 mm, width 12.0 mm (p. 256).

Onniella broeggeri: specimen dimensions. BB24077: length 6.8 mm, width 8.6 mm (p. 258). BB72458: length 4.1 mm, width 4.8 mm (p. 258). BB72457: length 9.9 mm, width 12.8 mm (p. 258). BB72456: length estimated 10.5 mm, width 15.0 mm (p. 258). BB72455: length 7.4 mm, width 8.9 mm (p. 258). BB72459: length 8.4 mm, width 10.4 mm (p. 258). BB72463: length 5.2 mm, width 6.8 mm (p. 258). BB72462: length 11.4 mm, width 13.8 mm (p. 258). BB72460: length 9.1 mm, width 12.6 mm (p. 258). BB10259: length 11.1 mm, width 12.3 mm (p. 258).

Onniella depressa: specimen dimensions. BB10251: length 12.7 mm, width 14.8 mm (p. 260). BB72435: length 5.2 mm, width 6.8 mm (p. 260). BB72434: length 7.8 mm, width 10.0 mm (p. 260). BB72433: length 13.5 mm, width 16.8 mm (p. 260). BB72438: length 7.1 mm, width 9.4 mm (p. 260). BB72436: length 10.6 mm, width estimated 11.0 mm (p. 260). BB10254: length 10.7 mm, width 11.8 mm (p. 260).

Eoplectodonta cf. rhombica: specimen dimensions. BB72518: length 6.7 mm, width 13.1 mm (p. 278). BB72519: length 6.4 mm, width 13.1 mm (p. 278). BB72520: length 6.8 mm, width 11.1 mm (p. 278). BB72521: length 4.3 mm, width 11.4 mm (p. 278). BB72522: length 5.7 mm, width 11.6 mm (p. 278).

Sericoidea homolensis: specimen dimensions. BB73578: length 2.9 mm, width 4.3 mm (p. 281). BB73579: length 4.0 mm, width 6.0 mm (p. 281). BB73580: length 3.0 mm, width 5.5 mm (p. 281). BB73581: length 3.4 mm, width 5.0 mm (p. 281). BB73582: length 2.1 mm, width 3.7 mm (p. 281). BB73585: length 3.2 mm, width 5.1 mm (p. 281). BB73586: length 1.9 mm, width 2.7 mm (p. 281). BB73588: length 2.5 mm, width 5.3 mm (p. 281). BB73589: length 2.7 mm, width 4.5 mm (p. 281).

Kjaerina typa: specimen dimensions. BB14383: length estimated 22.3 mm, width estimated 25.2 mm (p. 286). BB73626: length 1.8 mm, width 2.0 mm (p. 286). BB73627: length 3.4 mm, width 4.8 mm (p. 286). BB73628: length 3.7 mm, width 5.0 mm (p. 286). BB73638: length 19.9 mm, width estimated 22.7 mm (p. 286). BB73639: length 22.4 mm (p. 286).

Kjerulfina trigonalis: specimen dimensions. BB72540: length 18.5 mm (p. 291).

Christiania hollii: specimen dimensions. BB73610: length 1.4 mm, width 1.8 mm (p. 294). BB73611: length 1.6 mm, width 2.4 mm (p. 294). BB73612: length 1.6 mm, width 2.4 mm (p. 294). BB73613: length 1.7 mm, width 2.8 mm (p. 294). BB73614: length 1.9 mm, width 2.6 mm (p. 294). BB73620: length 1.7 mm, width 2.5 mm (p. 294). BB73623: length 1.6 mm, width 2.1 mm (p. 294). BB73624: length 1.4 mm, width 2.3 mm (p. 294). BB73625: length 1.5 mm, width 2.1 mm (p. 294).

Unnumbered historical Onny Shale material. On page 281, Hurst discusses an unfigured internal mould and cast of one pedicle valve from Reynolds’s Onny Shale collection. Jones had doubtfully assigned it to Chonetoidea; Hurst regarded it as probably Sericoidea homolensis on stratigraphical grounds. No exact river locality or voucher code is supplied, and the species identification remains qualified. It is not added to the exact specimen count.

Other historical Heterorthis shell-bed accounts. Hurst’s page 267 cites Dean’s 1958 report of a thin shell bed in the lowest Acton Scott Formation of the Onny Valley and says it was no longer exposed. He separately cites Harper’s 1978 Onny Shale shell bed. These broader valley/formation statements have no exact numbered locality in that passage; neither is a claim of present visibility or a newly assigned bed number.

Figure 219: regional Dalmanella succession. Hurst’s Onny Valley column labels collections O60, WFT14, O17, CL3, WFT1, O87, O88 and O89 against Alternata, Glynboro, Crosspipes and Acton Scott contexts. A separate Marshbrook column labels x, W8, W6, W5, M1, M3, M6, M5, M8, M9, M26 and CF1. This is a broad comparative stratigraphic figure, not a voucher plate or an exact-trail-only range chart: WFT14, CL3 and WFT1 are not all trail localities. No unlabelled graphical boundary is converted to a precise trail bed or fossil occurrence.

References. Hains, B. A. (1969). The geology of the Craven Arms area. Geological Sheet SO48.

Greig and colleagues (1968). Geology of the country around Church Stretton, Craven Arms, Wenlock Edge and Brown Clee.

Hurst, J. M. (1979). The stratigraphy and brachiopods of the upper part of the type Caradoc of south Salop. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 32, 183–304.

Dean, W. T. The Ordovician trilobite faunas of South Shropshire: part I (1960); part II (1961); part III (1963); part IV (1963). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology.

Owen, A. W. and Ingham, J. K. (1988). The stratigraphical distribution and taxonomy of the trilobite Onnia in the type Onnian Stage of the uppermost Caradoc. Palaeontology 31, 829–855.

Savage, N. M. and Bassett, M. G. (1985). Caradoc–Ashgill conodont faunas from Wales and the Welsh Borderland. Palaeontology 28, 679–713.

Jenkins, W. A. M. (1967). Ordovician Chitinozoa from Shropshire. Palaeontology 10, 436–488.

Geological Conservation Review (2000). Onny River, British Cambrian to Ordovician Stratigraphy, pp254–258. Wistanstow, British Silurian Stratigraphy, pp79–81.

Mergl, M. and Nolčová, L. (2016). Schizocrania (Brachiopoda, Discinoidea): taxonomy, occurrence, ecology and history of the earliest epizoan lingulate brachiopod. Fossil Imprint 72, 225–238.

Hounslow and colleagues (2021). A geomagnetic polarity stratigraphy for the Middle and Upper Ordovician. Accepted manuscript and supplement.